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Mental Health Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Affect

A

A psychological term for an observable expression of emotion

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2
Q

Aggression

A

Any act that is intended to cause pain, suffering, or damage to another person

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3
Q

Alienation

A

The state of being emotionally separated from others and from one’s own feelings

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4
Q

Antidepressants

A

Medications used to treat depression

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5
Q

Antisocial behavior

A

A pattern of behavior that is verbally or physically harmful to other people, animals, or property, including behavior the severely violates social expectations for a particular environment

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6
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

A behavior disorder developed by a small percentage of children with conduct disorder whose behavior does not improve as they mature. Also known as sociopathic or psychopathy

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7
Q

Anxiety/anxiety disorders

A

An unpleasant emotion triggered by anticipation of future events, memories of past events, or ruminations about the self

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8
Q

Apathy

A

Can be defined as an absence or suppression of emotion, feeling, concern or passion, and it is an indifference to things generally found to be exciting or moving

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9
Q

Applied psychology

A

The area of psychology in which basic theory and research are applied to actual problems faced by individuals on a daily basis

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10
Q

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

Disorder characterized by attentional deficit and/or hyperactivity—impulsivity more severe than expected for a developmental age

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11
Q

Autism

A

A severe psychological disorder that first appears in early childhood and is characterized by impaired social interaction and language development, and other behavioral problems

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12
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

The nervous system responsible for regulating automatic bodily processes, such as breathing and heart rate. The autonomic system also involves the processes of metabolism, or the storage and expenditure of energy

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13
Q

Avoidance learning

A

An individual’s response to avoid an unpleasant or stressful situation; also known as escape learning

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14
Q

Behavior therapy

A

A goal-oriented, therapeutic approach that treats emotional and behavioral disorders as maladaptive learned responses that can be replaced by healthier ones with appropriate training

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15
Q

Biofeedback

A

A technique that allows individuals to monitor their own physiological processes so they can learn to control them

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16
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

A condition (traditionally called manic depression) in which a person alternates between the two emotional extremes of depression and mania (an elated, euphoric mood)

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17
Q

Body image

A

The subjective conception of one’s own body, based largely on evaluative judgments about how one is perceived by others

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18
Q

Central nervous system

A

In humans, that portion of the nervous system that lies within the brain and spinal cord; it receives impulses from nerve cells throughout the body, regulates bodily functions, and directs behavior

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19
Q

Classical conditioning

A

The process of closely associating a neutral stimulus with one that evokes a reflexive response so that eventually the neutral stimulus alone will evoke the same response

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20
Q

Cognitive behavior therapy

A

A therapeutic approach based on the principle that maladaptive moods and behavior can be changed by replacing distorted or inappropriate ways of thinking with thought patterns that are healthier and more realistic

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21
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Unconscious strategies for or reducing threatening feelings, such as fear and anxiety

22
Q

Delay of gratification

A

The ability to forgo an immediate pleasure or reward in order to gain a more substantial one later

23
Q

Delusion/delusional disorders

A

Beliefs that are in stark contrast to reality, often having to do with persecution or an exaggerated sense of importance or glory

24
Q

Depression

A

An emotional state or mood characterized by one or more of these symptoms: sad mood, low energy, poor concentration, sleep or appetite changes, feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness, and thoughts of suicide

25
Q

Desensitization

A

A behavior modification technique used to combat phobias and other irrational fears

26
Q

Drug therapy

A

Medications administered to help people suffering from psychological illnesses

27
Q

Ego

A

Is that portion of the personality that imposes realistic limitations on the id

28
Q

Emotional development

A

The process by which infants and children begin developing the capacity to experience, express, and interpret emotions

29
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

The ability to perceive and constructively act on both one’s own emotions and the feelings of others

30
Q

Empathy

A

The capacity to vicariously experience and understand the thoughts and feelings of another person by putting oneself in that person’s place

31
Q

Extroversion

A

A term used to characterize people who are typically outgoing, friendly, and open toward others

32
Q

Forgetting curve

A

The general, predictable pattern of the process of forgetting learned information

33
Q

Identity/identity formation

A

A person’s mental representation of who he or she is

34
Q

Id

A

In psychoanalytic theory, the most primitive, unconscious element of human personality

35
Q

Impulse control disorders

A

A psychological disorder characterized by the repeated inability to refrain from performing a particular action that is harmful either to oneself or others

36
Q

Inferiority complex

A

A psychological condition that exists when a person’s feelings of inadequacy are so intense that daily living is impaired

37
Q

Introversion

A

A commonly used term for people who are quiet, reserved, thoughtful, and self-reliant and who tend to prefer solitary work and leisure activities

38
Q

Mania

A

A description of the condition opposite depression in manic-depressive psychosis, or bipolar disorder. It is characterized by a mood of elation without apparent reason

39
Q

Mental imagery

A

Picture created by the imagination with no visual stimulus required

40
Q

Narcissism

A

Excessive preoccupation with self and lack of empathy for others

41
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Mental illness characterized by the recurrence of intrusive, anxiety-producing thoughts (obsessions) accompanied by repeated attempts to suppress these thoughts through the performance of certain irrational, often ritualistic, behaviors (compulsions)

42
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Approach to human learning based on the premise that human intelligence and will operate on the environment rather than merely respond to the environment’s stimuli

43
Q

Panic/panic disorders

A

An acute feeling of intense fear, accentuated by increased heart rate, shortness of breath, sweating, and mild convulsions

44
Q

Passive aggressive personality

A

Its main distinguishing feature is indirect resistance to the demands or expectations of others through stubbornness, forgetfulness, inefficiency, procrastination, and other covert means. Rather than refusing outright to perform a task, the passive-aggressive person will do it badly or procrastinate until the deadline for its completion has passed

45
Q

Placebo effect

A

In research, a scientifically significant response that cannot be explained by physiological variables and is assumed to be psychological in origin

46
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

A method of treatment for mental, emotional, and behavioral dysfunctions as developed by Sigmund Freud

47
Q

Psychosis

A

A symptom of mental illness characterized by a radical change in personality and a distorted or diminished sense of objective reality

48
Q

Rapid eye movement

A

The stage of sleep most closely associated with dreaming

49
Q

Self-actualization

A

A prominent term in humanistic psychology that refers to the basic human need for self-fulfillment

50
Q

Self-esteem

A

A prominent term in humanistic psychology that refers to the basic human need for self-fulfillment

51
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

An initial expectation that is confirmed by the behavior it elicits

52
Q

Superego

A

In psychoanalytic theory, the part of the human personality that represents a person’s inner values and morals; also known as conscience

Health Issues (2 decks)

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