Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > metabolic disorders > Flashcards

metabolic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

metabolic disorders occur from ____________ of the endocrine and nervous system

A

abnormal physiological process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the _________ is a metabolically active organ what undergoes continuous remodeling

A

skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bone mass peaks between

A

25 and 35 years

at this time, the rate of reabsorption begins to exceed the rate of formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are primarily characterized by diffuse loss of bone density and bone strength

A

metabolic bone disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

softening of bones

A

osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

low bone mass

A

osteopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

increased bone density

A

osteopetrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

systemic disease that decreases bone density

A

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary Osteoporosis

A
  • most common
  • aging-related physiologic changes
  • prolonged negative Ca+ balance
  • decline gonadal and adrenal function
  • progressive estrogen deficiency
  • sedentary life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

secondary osteoporosis

A
  • diseases, meds, and other conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis

A
  • hormonal status
  • genetics
  • physical inactivity
  • tobacco and alcohol
  • meds
  • depression
  • diet and nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what 2 factors are bone strength based on?

A
  • BMD (bone mineral density) increases during growth and development to enhance the bone density

-mechanical stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

clinical manifestations of osteoporosis

A
  • loss of height
  • postural changes
  • Fx
  • msk pain
  • trigger points (paravertebrals and rhomboids)
  • VCF (vertebral compression Fx)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a progressive disease in which a lack of mineralization of the bone matrix results in a softening of bone without the loss of the bone matrix

A

osteomalacia

there is insufficient mineralizaton of the bone matrix (vit D, Ca+, Phosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is referred to as the adult form of rickets

A

osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the second most common metabolic bone disease after osteoporosis

A

Paget Disease

17
Q

what is Paget Disease

A
  • adult skeletal dysfunction
  • increased bone reabsorption
  • excessive, unorganized new bone formation
  • normal bone marrow is replaced by vascular and fibrous tissue
  • high bone turnover
18
Q

what are common genetic and developmental disorders

A
  • developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
  • osteogenesis Imperfecta
19
Q

what are infectious diseases of MSK sys

A
  • Spondylodiskitis
  • infections of Prostheses and Implants
  • Osteomyelitis
20
Q

what is DDH

A
  • hip dys in children and infants
  • congenital hip dysplasia
  • uni lat or bi
  • 3 forms
21
Q

what is unstable hip dysplasia

A

correct positioning
disloc upon manipulation

22
Q

what is subluxation or incomplete dislocation associated with DDH

A

femoral head remains in contact with acetabulum
head of femur partially displaced or uncovered

23
Q

what is complete dislocation in regards to DDH

A

femur head totally out of the acetabulum

24
Q

DDH in nonambulatory (NB and <12 mo) vs ambulatory children

A

NON:
- ortolani or barlow or galeazzie signs
- asym in ROM (esp hip ABD)
- asym in buttock fold, extra skin folds
- LLD

amb:
- compensated Trendelenburg Gait (bilat)
- limp, flexion contracture (unilat)

25
Q

what is a generalized CT disorder that has major manifestations in bone leading to skeletal fragility and growth deficiency

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

  • growth retardation and deformities present
26
Q

what is an inflammation of bone caused by an infectious organism such as bacteria

A

osteomyelitis

27
Q

what areas are most commonly affected by osteomyelitis

A

-spine
- pelvis
- arms or legs

28
Q

how does osteomyelitis enter the body

A

GI
Open wound

29
Q

what is associated with rapid destructive pyogenic infection often seen in children, older adults, and IV drug users

A

acute osteomyelitis

its usually subacute, or chronic in adults because of an open wound

30
Q

_________ osteomyelitis is often the result of a persistent bone infection or acute disease remaining undiagnosed

A

chronic

31
Q

__________ occur around surgery and are probably caused by contaminated instruments

A

perioperative infections

32
Q

_______ occur because of a primary infection someplace else in the body

A

hematogenous infections

33
Q

________ occur secondarily to a nearby infection

A

contiguous infections

34
Q

spondylodiscitis infections affect the _________________ components at the ____________ most commonly infecting the annulus/nucleus/endplates

A

vertebral spine
intervertebral disc

  • fever and spinal pain are classic in children*
35
Q

T or F: spoldylodiscitis can have pain that radiates to LE

A

true

they will usually present with unusual postures and movement patterns that have pain that grows worse with activity

MSK (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions