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Medical Conditions II > Metabolic System > Flashcards

Metabolic System Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolic System

A

-physical and chemical process transforming food into energy and elements for cellular rebuilding

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2
Q

Phases of Metabolism

A
  • anabolic

- catabolic

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3
Q

Metabolic system helps with maintaining

A
  • fluid and electrolyte balance
  • (and homeostasis)
  • -osmotic pressure
  • -acid-base balance
  • -Anion-cation balance
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4
Q

Metabolic Disorders

A
  • any problem in body that causes loss of metabolic control of the body’s steady state
  • most are inherited (autosomal recessive)
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5
Q

Ex. Metabolic Disorders

A
  • Paget’s Disease
  • Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Obesity
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6
Q

Paget’s Disease

A
  • bone cells increase in number, become larger and more active
  • Osteoblast defect
  • Bone turnover incr up to 40x and new bone is abnormal in shape/structure/weaker
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7
Q

Paget’s Disease S/Sx

A
  • headache
  • deep boring constant pain
  • CN VIII can be involved
  • hearing loss
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8
Q

Paget’s Disease Tx

A
  • PT (incr mm strength, pn control, low/no impact WB)
  • pharmacological (bisphosphonates)
  • Pain management (analgesics)
  • surgery
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9
Q

PKU

A
  • Phenylketonuria
  • genetic disease
  • phenylalanine builds up in circulation–>brain damage
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10
Q

genetic component of PKU

A
  • caused by mutations in the gene coding for phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme
  • phenylalanine builds up in blood
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11
Q

Newborn infants routinely screened for ______

A
  • PKU

- tested by blood tests

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12
Q

PKU S/Sx

A

-mousy odor

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13
Q

Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis

A

3 of 5 of below:

  • central obesity
  • HTN
  • High Triglycerides
  • low HDL
  • Insulin resistance
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14
Q

Metabolic Syndrome Management

A
  • decr sodium intake
  • diet
  • exercise
  • control HTN
  • weight loss
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15
Q

Waist-to-Hip Ratio

A

-waist circumference index to determine risk for metabolic syndrome

Male: >102 cm (ratio >0.8 = central obesity)
-Female: >88 cm (ratio >1.0 = central obesity)

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16
Q

____ causes increase risk for DM 2, Stroke, CAD

A

Metabolic Syndrome

17
Q

Obesity

A
  • weight greater than 20% of ideal weight for body structure and height
  • BMI >30
18
Q

Obesity Pathogenesis

A

-neuroendocrine dysfunction cauesd by impairment of CNS function (genetic mutations/deletions) that disrupts normal food intake and body-weight control

19
Q

Ideal BMI

A

20-24.9

20
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

21
Q

Obesity BMI

A

30-34.9

22
Q

Moderate Obesity BMI

A

35-39.9

23
Q

Morbid Obesity BMI

A

40-49.9

24
Q

Super Obesity BMI

A

50+

25
Q

2nd Most common preventable cause of death in the US

A

-inactivity + eating the wrong foods

smoking #1

26
Q

Obese individuals have fewer :

A
  • ATPase pumps

- use less energy & expend fewer callories

27
Q

Theories of Obesity Causes

A
  • fewer ATPase pumps
  • Adipose cell theory (higher # of fat cells)
  • some have more lipoprotein, lipase (assists fat depositions into fat cells
  • Microbial Theory
  • Viral Infection theory
  • Hormonal Dysfunctions
  • environmental
28
Q

Microbial Theory

A

Flora in GI tract causing more things to be digested and utilized differently

29
Q

Viral Infection Theory

A

virus linked to obesity

30
Q

Hormonal Dysfunction

A

-HPA (hypothalamus pituitary axis) causing abnormal cortisol secretion causing abnormal metab of sugar

31
Q

Obesity Clinical Manifestations

A
  • excess body fat
  • SOB
  • atherosclerosis
  • HTN
  • cardiomyopathy
  • increased susceptibility to infection
  • fatigue
  • irritability
  • menstrual disorders/infertility
  • psychological disturbances
  • irritability
  • loneliness
  • depression
  • binge eating
  • tension
32
Q

Risk Factors Associated with Increase Morbidity/Mortality in Obese Persons

A
  • Coronary Artery Disease
  • DM 2
  • Sleep Apnea
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Gallstones
  • Stress Incontinence
  • Cigarette Smoking
  • Age >45 (M); >55 (FM)
  • postmenopausal women
  • HTN
  • LDL >160 mg/dL
  • HDL
33
Q

Obesity Assessment

A
  • Physical exam
  • BMI
  • Skin fold measurements
34
Q

Surgical Intervention for Obesity

A
  • vertical banded gastroplasty
  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
  • Vagal nerve block
35
Q

Vagal Nerve Block

A
  • indicated for BMI 40+ with HTN, high cholesterol etc.

- reduces hunger and incr feelings of satiety

36
Q

Potential Hazards of Exercise for the Obese Patient

A
  • precipitation of angina or MI
  • excessive rise in BP
  • Aggravation of degenerative arthritis
  • Ligamentous injuries
  • Excessive Sweating
  • Skin disorders (chafing)
  • dehydration/decr blood volume
  • heat stroke/exhaustion
37
Q

Pathology Continuum

A

Metabolic Syndrome–>Obesity–>DM

Medical Conditions II (34 decks)

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