Metals and Materials

Question 1

List the properties of metal

Answer 1

Lustre: Metals are shiny when freshly cut.
Malleable: Metals can be bent or hammered into a new shape.
Ductile: Metals can be stretched into thin wires.
Sonorus: Metals make sound when hit.
Conductors: Metals are good heat and electrical conductors.

They usually have high melting points.
They are usually strong and hard.
They are dense (heavy for their size).

Question 2

Explain the uses of metals relating to their properties

Answer 2

Lustre: shiny metals such as gold can be used for decorative purposes and jewellery.

Ductile: metals can be stretched into any shape for future uses.

Conductivity: can be used for pans or wires.

Sonorus: May be used for instruments such as gongs.

Malleable: to mould metals into specific shapes.

Question 3

Describe the relation between metals and the reactivity series

Answer 3

The reactivity series ranks metals by how willingly they react.

Question 4

Arrange metals in descending order of reactivity

Question 5

Relate reactivity to corrosion

Answer 5

A corrosive material is a highly reactive substance.

Question 6

Describe rusting

Answer 6

Rust is the name used when iron (Fe) corrodes. When iron reacts with oxygen it forms iron oxide. It is a reddish orange powder of hydrated iron oxide. Both water and oxygen are needed for iron to rust. Iron will rust when iron atoms give electrons to oxygen atoms that are dissolved in water.

Question 7

Summarise reactions of metals with oxygen water and acid

Question 8

Write word, symbol balanced symbol equations for the reactions of metals with oxygen, water and acid

Question 9

What are organic and inorganic compound in terms of carbon

Answer 9

Organic: All compounds that contain the element carbon (excluding carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbonate)

Inorganic: All compounds that do not contain the element carbon (excluding carbon dioxide carbon monoxide and carbonate).

Question 10

Define a hydrocarbon

Answer 10

An organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon.

Question 11

Describe and name the first four alkanes and draw their structures

Answer 11

Organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane.

Question 12

What are polymers and monomers in terms of plastic

Answer 12

Plastics are polymers, monomers are smaller units that make up polymers in a long chain.

Question 13

State the differences between thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics

Answer 13

Thermoplastic: These become soft when heated and can be remoulded by heart.

Thermoset plastic: Once set these cannot be softened or remoulded by heat.

Question 14

List common plastics (name their monomer and polymer) and their uses

Answer 14

Polymer: PVC monomer: vinyl chloride.
Polymer: Polystyrene monomer: styrene

Question 15

Describe the uses of plastics and problems with plastics

Question 16

What is an alloy

Answer 16

A mixture of different metal elements. They have useful properties different to the pure metals that make them up.

Question 17

What are some examples of alloys

Answer 17

Brass, Copper, Zinc, Bronze, Steel, iron, chronium and nickel.

Question 18

Write the word equation for rusting

Answer 18

iron + oxygen –> Iron oxide

Question 19

Describe how Iron forms three ions

Question 20

What is oxidation

Answer 20

Is the name for any reaction where oxygen reacts with another substance it occurs rapidly when we burn something but occurs much more slowly in the case of rusting

Question 21

Describe sacrificial protection and galvanising

Answer 21

Sacrificial protection: When a metal is coated or wrapped with a more reactive metal that gives away its electrons instead.

Galvanising: Coating an iron surface with a layer of zinc.

Question 22

Explain why there are a lot of organic compounds

Answer 22

There are a lot of organic compounds because carbon atoms have 4 electrons in its valence shell, meaning it can form 4 covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms.

Question 23

Explain covalent bonds

Answer 23

strong bonds between atoms, as a result of sharing their outermost electron.

Question 24

What are the organic families

Answer 24

Carbohydrates: glucose, sugar, starch, cellulose
Fats and plant oils: Essential in all living things
Protein: complicated molecules containing the element nitrogen
Hydrocarbons: contain the elements hydrogen and carbon only
Alcohols: similar to hydrocarbons but they have an
-OH group.

Question 25

What is an allotrope

Answer 25

When there are different physical forms of the same chemical element.
E.g diamond and graphite of carbon.