Methods of Philosophy W3 v2

Question 1

Methods of Philosophizing

Answer 1

Phenomology
Existentialism
Postmodernism
Analytic Tradition
Logic and Critical thinking

Question 2

Phenomology

Answer 2

On Consciousness

Question 3

Existentialism

Answer 3

On Freedom

Question 4

Postmodernism

Answer 4

On Cultures

Question 5

“Can language objectively describe truth??”

Answer 5

Analytic Tradition

Question 6

Logic and Critical thinking

Answer 6

Tools in Reasoning

Question 7

Who founded Phenomology

Answer 7

Edmund Husserl

Question 8

focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances defined as any object of conscious experience

Answer 8

Phenomology

Question 9

Edmund Husserl argued against psychologism: the idea that truth is dependent on the peculiarities of the human mind

Answer 9

Husserl’s Logical Investigations

Question 10

His continuing effort was dedicated to developing a method for finding and guaranteeing the truth, in all things both scientific and in daily life— that method was phenomenology.

Answer 10

Husserl’s Logical Investigations

Question 11

comes directly from Greek (φαινόμενον) meaning appearance

Answer 11

Phenomenon

Question 12

Studied reality and the structures of consciousness known as phenomenology

Answer 12

O’Hear (1999)

Question 13

Both ** and ** reject modernity and their contributions

Answer 13

phenomenology and postmodernism

Question 14

The first and best known is the epoche or “suspension” that he describe in

Answer 14

Idea: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology

Question 15

is not primarily a philosophical method. Neither is it exactly a set of doctrines

Answer 15

Existentialism

Question 16

is often thought to be anti religious

Answer 16

Existentialism

Question 17

Viktor Frankl’s book

Answer 17

Man’s Search for Meaning

Question 18

is a centuries-old philosophy

Answer 18

Existential Theory

Question 19

It embraces personal freedom and choice

Answer 19

Existentialism

Question 20

It purports that humans choose their own existence and meaning. European philosopher Søren Kierkegaard is thought to be one of the first philosophers of existential theory

Answer 20

Existentialism

Question 21

There has been a strong current of Christian existentialism, beginning with the nineteenth-century Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard.

Answer 21

Existentialism

Question 22

Kierkegaard insisted that the authentic self was the personally- chosen self, as opposed to public or “herd” identity.

Answer 22

Existentialism

Question 23

is centered on the analysis and construction of arguments

Answer 23

Logic

Question 24

serve as paths to freedom from half-truths and deceptions

Answer 24

Logical and Critical Thinking

Question 25

is distinguishing facts (objective) and opinions or personal feelings (subjective).

Answer 25

Critical Thinking

Question 26

Though facts are important, critical thinking also takes into consideration cultural systems, values, and beliefs

Answer 26

Logical and Critical Thinking

Question 27

These three concepts could influence the interpretation of the meaning of facts.

Answer 27

Logical and Critical Thinking

Question 28

is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or “wrong moves,” in the construction of an argument, which may appear stronger than it really is if the fallacy is not spotted

Answer 28

Fallacy

Question 29

The term was in the Western intellectual tradition introduced in the Aristotelian De Sophisticis Elenchis

Answer 29

Fallacy

Question 30

is a defect in an argument other than its having false premises

Answer 30

Fallacy

Question 31

To detect fallacies, it is required to examine the argument’s content.

Answer 31

Fallacy

Question 32

Here are some of the usually committed errors in reasoning and thus, coming up with false conclusion and worse, distorting the truth

Answer 32

Fallacy

Question 33

A specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt

Answer 33

Appeal to Pity -argumentum ad misericodiam

Question 34

whatever has been not proven false must be true, vice versa

Answer 34

Appeal to ignorance- Ad Ignorantiam

Question 35

The argument offers lack of evidence as if it were evidence to the contrary. The argument says, “No one knows it is true; therefore it is false,” or “No one knows it is false, therefore it is true.”

Answer 35

Appeal to ignorance- Ad Ignorantiam

Question 36

You cannot prove that God does not exist; therefore God exists.”

Answer 36

Appeal to ignorance- Example

Question 37

This is a logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times, but giving the particular word a meaning each time.

Answer 37

Equivocation-aequivocus,

Question 38

calling two different things by the same name

Answer 38

Equivocation-aequivocus,

Question 39

This infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole. The reverse of this fallacy is division.

Answer 39

Composition

Question 40

One reasons logically that something true of a thing must be true of all or some of its parts.

Answer 40

Division

Question 41

This fallacy attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of the person advocating the premise

Answer 41

Against the Person- Ad Hominem

Question 42

An argument where force, coercion, or the threat of force, is given as a justification for a conclusion.

Answer 42

Appeal to force

Question 43

a logical fallacy in which someone uses force or a threat of force to gain acceptance for their conclusion

Answer 43

Appeal to force