MHT FInal Flashcards
What is Solution Focused Brief Counseling?
Focus on solutions, ask what would you do about something rather than what you would avoid, imagine problem is gone
In Solution Focused Brief Counseling, what do you identify?
the exceptions, or when the problem is NOT present. What is it that they are doing during these exceptions that they’re not doing during yips
In Solution Focused Brief Counseling one should focus on and celebrate:
small changes
Treatment for Yips (Bell et al (2009))
experienced male golfers, used solution focused imagery as intervention, yips consistently decreased after intervention, improvements maintained, all golfers saw reduction in number of yips during intervention phase
What is the point of telling someone a miracle happened and they don’t have the yips anymore?
builds self-efficacy
The study by Bell et al (2009) used a Multiple Baseline Design. Why/When should this study type be used?
when you don’t have enough people for a control group, takes away other factors that could cause participants to be better, being more comfortable and having less of an audience influences people’s improvement
What do the findings in Bell et al (2009) tell us about the Yips?
people get into a bad self-fulfilling prophecy and continuously worry about yipping, so they do it; yipping may be less neurological; athletes have ability to reduce their yips; focusing less on the yips and technique is the cure
What were the main takeaways of A-C, Sossin, & Quatromoni (2016)
treating EDs need to be different for athletes and non-athletes, since they are caused by different issues; if one person has an ED on a team, the whole team should be looked at, not just the individual athlete; EDs spread easily on teams
What were the results of A-C, Sossin, & Quatromoni (2016)?
many factors were similar for both athletes and non-athletes; EDs in athletes were more caused by sport performance pressure, and peer modeling
According to A-C, Sossin, & Quatromoni (2016) what is consistent between both athletes and non-athletes, and unique to each in developing an ED?
Consistent: low self worth
Unique to NA: family negative comments
Unique to A: performance pressure
Are EDs heritable?
Yes, EDs run in families, your risk for developing an ED is higher if someone in your family has or had an ED; could be genetic but could also be diet culture norms in your family; linked to a certain personality trait
What makes Anorexia Nervosa heritable?
if you have perfectionism, which is heritable, you are more likely to develop AN
What makes Bulimia Nervosa appear heritable?
if you have impulsivity, which is heritable, you are more likely to develop BN
How does social media influence EDs?
you see people with perfect body types who are constantly working out and eating right, when social media use goes up, ED risk and depression go up
Sport Specific Weight Pressures:
increased publicity, physicality in contact sports, making weight class, aesthetic/judged sports, uniforms, team modeling, modeling after athletes they look up to, competitive thinness w teammates, coaches comments, wanting to be biggest/strongest, power/weight metrics, lack of time, injury, RED-S
Using what you know about cognitive behavior therapy for depression, how would you treat an athlete with AN?
get rid of cognitive distortions
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Anorexia
challenge cognitive distortions, perfectionism; counter thoughts: who told you that? point out other successful athletes that don’t fit the norm; rope technique, tangible evidence that their thought isn’t based on reality; change “i ate a cookie so i’m getting fat” to “eating one cookie does not equal 3500 calories”; reduce body checking/weighing
CBT for Bulimia/BED
Build awareness of triggers to binge/purge; identify cycle of restricting/binging/purging; build coping skills for stress, replace binging with “incompatible behaviors”; challenge cognitive distortions; add snacks between meals; mindful eating
Are athletes at a higher ED risk?
higher risk in athletes in “weight sensitive sports”
ED prevention with athletes
coaches/trainers should de-emphasize weight, eliminate public weigh-ins; reduce unsafe sport weight-loss behaviors, wrestling starting weighing right before matches; educate athletes/coaches on nutrition and EDs; critically examine body ideals in media and openly discuss “dual pressures” athletes face; create adaptive team norms, address “body bashing” on teams
Causes of substance abuse:
use = environmental influences; disorders = diathesis stress model
How does the Diathesis-Stress Model influence substance abuse?
diathesis: some people have more sensitive pleasure centers in the brain; genetic predisposition to experience more pleasure from alcohol with fewer lows afterward (some ppl don’t get hangovers)
Stress: people use drinking as a coping mechanism; cultural norms/expectations
What are some psychological dimensions to substance abuse?
positive reinforcement: your teammates could be reinforcing it, could be less consequences
negative reinforcement: escape from stress (removes anxiety by increased GABA neurotransmitter); self medication (often comorbid with anxiety, depression, bipolar, and bulimia
What are the 5 principles of motivational interviewing?
READS:
Roll with resistance
Express empathy
Avoid argumentation
develop discrepancy
support self-efficacy
Roll with resistance
“dance instead of wrestle”; when you get resistance, focus on building the relationship and understanding the person; show them that you get there’s a reason they must be drinking
Express empathy
ambivalence (being unsure) about change is normal
avoid argumentation
dont argue for change “listen as much as tell”; resist the “righting reflex” (trying to be right)
