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From Flashcardlet > micro ch. 4 > Flashcards

micro ch. 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?

A

Cocci, bacilli and spirilla

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1
Q

What divides bacteria?

A

Binary fission

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2
Q

What shape may be in chains and clusters?

A

Cocci

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3
Q

What appears in single rods?

A

Bacilli

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4
Q

What means sugar coat and is sticky, gelatinous polymer that is outside the cell wall?

A

Glycocalyx

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5
Q

What is the glucocalyx called when it is firmly attatches to cell wall and is organized?

A

Capsule

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6
Q

What is glucocalyx called when it is unorganized and loosely attached?

A

Slime layer

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7
Q

What are long filamentous appendages that help bacteria move?

A

Flagella

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8
Q

What is it called when there is no flagella?

A

Artrichous

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9
Q

What is a single polar flagellum?

A

Monotrichous

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10
Q

What is a tuft of flagellum a each end?

A

Amphitrichous

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11
Q

Two or flagellum at one or both ends is what?

A

Lophotrichous

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12
Q

What is flagella all over?

A

Peritrichous

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13
Q

What is bacteria moving toward chemical stimulus?

A

Positive chemotaxis

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14
Q

Bacteria moving away from chemical stimulus is what?

A

Negative Chemotaxis

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15
Q

What is bacteria when it is moving in response to light?

A

Phototaxis

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16
Q

What does treponema pallidium cause?

A

Syphilis

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17
Q

What does borrelia burgdorferi cause?

A

Lyme disease

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18
Q

What are the shorter hair like appendages that gram negative bacteria contain?

A

Fimbriae and pili

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19
Q

What are used for attachment and transferring DNA in Gram negative bacteria?

A

Fimbriae and pili

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20
Q

What helps cells stick to surfaces? (neisseria gonorrhoeae)

A

Fimbrieae

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21
Q

What helps cells transfer DNA in conjugation?

A

Pili

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22
Q

What helps maintain shape of cell and keeps it from rupturing?

A

Cell wall

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23
Q

What contributes to abiltity to cause disease and is in the action of some anibiotics?

A

Cell wall

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24
Q

This helps tell differences in magr types of bacteria.

A

Cell wall.

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25
Q

What does the composition of a cell wall contain?

A

Peptidoglycan

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26
Q

What does Peptidoglycan consist of?

A

Repeating disaccharides attached by polypeptides that forms lattice.

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27
Q

This portion has monosaccharides called NAG and NAM

A

Disaccharide

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28
Q

Alternating NAG and NAM are linked to form a backbone of what?

A

Peptidoglycan

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29
Q

Does gram negative have an outer membrane?

A

Yes

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30
Q

Does the gram positive have an outer membrane?

A

No, so the Peptidoglycan is exposed and more easily destroyed by antibiotics like penicillin.

31
Q

Does the gram positive have a think or thin layer of Peptidoglycan?

A

Thick layer, gram negative has a thin layer.

32
Q

What does gram positive cell have which helps bind and regulate movement of cations in/out of cells?

A

Teichroic acids

33
Q

Bacteria maintain a single shape and are what?

A

Monomorphic

34
Q

The bacteria have more than one shape and are called what?

A

Pleomorphic

35
Q

This may also provide antigenic specificity which makes it easier to ID bacteria in gram positive cells.

A

Teichoic acids

36
Q

What does the OM of gram negative contain?

A

LPS, Liproprotein and phospholipid

37
Q

What antigen is used to help ID bacteria in gram negative OM?

A

O polysaccharide

38
Q

What toxin can cause fever and shock?

A

Lipid A

39
Q

What had no cell wall and causes walking pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma

40
Q

This has myobacterium and nocardia and have mycolic cell wall which causes bacteria to clump and stick together.

A

Acid fast cell walls

41
Q

What causes damage to a cell to make it positive or negative?

A

Lysozyme

42
Q

What is the heads of a cell or plasma membrane called?

A

Hydrophilic

43
Q

What is the tails of cells or plasma membrane called?

A

Hydrophobic

44
Q

What is the arrangement of a cell or plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

45
Q

This movement from high concentration to low without using ATP.

A

Passive process.

46
Q

This requires a protein transporter to allow movement across membrane.

A

Facilitated diffusion

47
Q

This is movement of water from greater to less water.

A

Osmosis

48
Q

This is the pressure need to stop the flow of water across the membrane.

A

Osmotic pressure

49
Q

This is equal solid - no change in cell when placed in this type of solution.

A

Isotonic

50
Q

Less solid - cell will swell

A

Hypotonic

51
Q

greater solid-cell will shrink

A

Hypertonic

52
Q

What is 80% of the cytoplasm?

A

Water

53
Q

Inside the cell may have peices of DNA that carry genes for resistance called what?

A

Plasmids

54
Q

This is the sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

55
Q

What are extra storage areas including gas vacuoles, sulfur granules and land lipid inclusions?

A

Inclusions

56
Q

This is collectively known as volutin, represents a reserve of inorganic phosphate.

A

Metachromatic granules

57
Q

These are inclusions of iron oxide found in some gram negatives that act like magnets.

A

Megnetosomes

58
Q

This forms in gram positive rods when essential nutrients are depleted. They are highly durable.

A

Endospores

59
Q

This begins sporulation when a key nutrient becomes scarce.

A

Endospores

60
Q

Endospores can remain dormant for years and will eventually ‘germinate’ and become what again?

A

A vegetative cell

61
Q

Spherical shape

A

Cocci

62
Q

Rod shape

A

Bacilli

63
Q

Comma shape

A

Vibrio

64
Q

Spring shape

A

Spirochetes

65
Q

Helix shape

A

Spirillum

66
Q

Cluster arrangement

A

Staphylo

67
Q

Chain arrangement

A

Strepto

68
Q

Single arrangement

A

Mono

69
Q

In pairs

A

Diplo

70
Q

Arrangement of 4

A

Tetrads

71
Q

Arrangement of 8

A

Sarcina

72
Q

Arrangement side by side like a picket fence

A

Palisade

73
Q

This means variable shapes

A

Pleomorphism

74
Q

Eukaryotic cells are how many Svedberg units?

A

80 s

75
Q

How many Svedberg units are prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

70 s

76
Q

What does the OM of the negative cel carry?

A

Antibodies and enzymes

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