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Micro EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli Species

A

Bacillus
Corynebacterium sp.
Listeria monocytogenes
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Lactobacillus
Nocardio sp.
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

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2
Q

Identify the species

Morphology
Large, spore-forming Gram positive rod
- Large, flat, dry colonies
- White-Grey color
Spores viable over 50 years
Non-hemolytic on sheep blood agar (gamma hemolysis)

A

Bacillus anthracis

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3
Q

Identify the species

polypeptide capsule
potent exotoxin
- Edema factor (EF)
- Protective antigen (PA)
- Lethal factor(LF)

A

Bacillus anthracis virulence factors

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4
Q

Identify the species

NOT normal flora!

Habitat: Soil & plant material

Disease: Anthrax
- Cutaneous
- Inhalational
- Gastrointestinal

A

B. anthracis

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5
Q

Which species is BSL 3 recommended?

A

Bacillus anthracis
Brucella sp.
Franciella tularensis

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6
Q

Which bacillus species is + for BAP, PEA, gelatin hydrolysis, is motile & resistant to penicillin, but = for string of pearls?

A

B. cereus

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7
Q

Which bacillus species is = for BAP, PEA, gelatin hydrolysis, susceptible to penicillin, non motile, but is + for string of pearls?

A

B. anthracis

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8
Q

Identify the species

Morphology
Large, irregular, flat, dry colonies
Grey-Green color
Beta hemolytic
Produces spores under aerobic conditions

(other than B. anthracis) morphology

A

Bacillus species

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9
Q

Identify the species

Some normal flora of skin & gI tract

Habitat: Environment

Can cause tissue infections or food poisoning
associated with fried rice

A

Bacillus sp.

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10
Q

2 forms of b. cereus toxin disease

A

Emetic Form
Diarrheal Form

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11
Q

What is the form of bacillus sp. responsible for this

Incubation period – 1-5 h
Symptoms
* Vomiting
* Abdominal cramps
* Nausea
* Duration – 8-10 hours
* Heat stable

A

Emetic Form

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12
Q

Identify the species

Meat and vegetables
8-16 hours
Symptoms
* Diarrhea
* Nausea
* Abdominal cramps
* Lasts 20-36 hours
* Heat labile

A

Diarrheal Form

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13
Q

Identify the species based on the tests

Hemolysis: Gamma
Catalase: +
Motility: Nonmotile

A

Bacillus anthracis

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14
Q

Identify the species based on the tests

Hemolysis: Beta
Catalase: + (variable)
Motility: Motile

A

Bacillus species (cerues)

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15
Q

Identify the species

Causes diphtheria
Humans only known reservoir
Carriage in oropharynx or on skin surface
Children: DTaP & DT
Adults: Tdap & Td

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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16
Q

Identify the species

Respiratory
* Acquired by droplet spray
* Unimmunized individuals are susceptible
Non respiratory
* Systemic
* Skin and cutaneous forms
Humans are the only known reservoir of infection, carried in oropharynx or on skin by asymptomatic carriers of unvaccinated hosts

A

C. diphtheria

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17
Q

Identify the species

Exotoxin as the virulence factor
Toxin consists of 2 fragment
* A: Active fragment (inhibits protein synthesis)
* B: Binds to specific cell membrane receptors (mediates entry of Fragment A)

A

Diphtheria Toxin

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18
Q

Identify the species based on the tests

New Methylene Blue Stain
Elek test
Catalase +
Motility: nonmotile
Cystine Tellurite Agar: selective & diffferential
* black or brownish colonies with brown halo
Loeffler or Pai Agar: granules & club shape

A

C. diphtheriae

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19
Q

Tests C. diphtheriae for toxin production
Diphtheria antitoxin (on filter paper) + Diphtheria toxin (bacteria) = precipitate line formation

A

Elek Test

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20
Q

Identify the species

Small, opaque colonies
White-grey color
Gamma hemolytic
Catalase (+)
Motility (=)
Gamma hemolysis
Disease: UTI & Kidney Stone

A

Corneybacterium species

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21
Q

Identify the species

Small Gram Positive Rods (Coccobacilli)
Colony Morphology on Blood Agar
Small, smooth colonies
Cloudy white color
Beta hemolytic
Short non-spore forming rods
Disease: Meningitis, flu-like symptoms; Ingestion of contaminated food
meat & dairy, sepsis in babies

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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22
Q

Hemolysis: beta ; colonies produce narrow zone of hemolysis similar to Group B Streptococcus
Catalase +
Motility
Motile at 25°C (umbrella type)
Non-motile at 35°C
tumbling motility in hanging drop
Bile-esculin +
Hippurate +
6.5 NaCl +
Positive CAMP (sort of) – block hemolysis
Can use cold enrichment to help isolate organism (specimen into broth)

A

L. monocytogenes

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23
Q

Gram positive, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic rods (V or short chains)
Widely distributed in nature
Can cause disease in animals (swine, turkey, sheep)
Humans acquire the infection through occupational exposure
production of H2S on TSI

A

Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

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24
Q

Long Thin, Gram Positive Bacilli

Colony Morphology on Blood Agar:
- Small, white colonies
- Gamma or Alpha hemolytic
Disease; Rare UTI

A

Lactobacillus species

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25
Q

Cause of pharyngitis in adolescents and young adults aged 10-20 years
Reverse CAMP positive
Catalase negative
Small colonies with narrow zone of Beta-hemolysis
Gram positive pleomorphic with rudimentary branching

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

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26
Q

Clinical infections
Pulmonary form
Actinomycetoma
Lysozyme Test - Resistant
Decomposition Test
Morphology
Resembles fungi; weakly acid stain

A

Nocardiosis
N. asteroides (most common)

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27
Q

Gram Negative Cocci

A

Neisseriaceae
Moraxellaceae

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28
Q

Gram Stain: GN intracellular diplococci
Culture: BAP =, CHOC, MTM, NYC, GC-LECT, ML +
Oxidase +
Superoxol Test: = or weak, delayed reaction
Carbohydrate Utilization Test: Glucose +
Chromogenic Substrate Test: Hydroxyprolyl-aminopeptidase +
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
Disease: * STI (Gonorrhea)
* Baby eyes-prevent w/eye drops

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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29
Q

Morphology
GN diplococci resembling GC
Disease
* DIC – Disseminated intravascular coagulation
* Meningitis
* Rash
BAP, CHOC, VCN +
Catalase +
Maltose +
Oxidase +

A

N. meningitidis

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30
Q

GN diplococci
Latex Agglutination or Coagglutination Tests
“Pushy” or “Hockey puck” on BAP
Oxidase (+)
Carbohydrate Utilization: Glucose & Maltose +
Chromogenic Substrate Test: Glutamyl-aminopeptidase +
Disease:
* Pneumonia
* Sinusitis
* Otitis media

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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31
Q

fastidious group of Gram-negative bacilli

A

Haemophilus
HACEK
Capnocytophaga
Legionella
Bordetella
Pasteurella
Brucella
Francicella

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32
Q

HACEK is an acronym for

A

Haemophilus aphrophilus (Aggregatibacter)
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella species

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33
Q

H. influenzae type

Acute epiglottis or laryngeotracheal infection in small children
Cellulitis/arthritis
Meningitis
Pneumonia/septicemia
Conjunctivitis

A

Infections caused by typeable (encapsulated) strains

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34
Q

H. influenzae type

Otitis media
Sinusitis
Pneumonia, bronchitis (in adults)

A

Infections caused by Nontypeable strains

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35
Q

GNR pleomorphic
Disease: Meningitis, Sepsis, Pneumonia, Cellulitis
Gamma hemolysis
Require X & V factor

A

H. influenzae

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36
Q

Not normal flora!
Disease: Chancroid sexually transmitted
Gram stain: “School of Fish”
Requires X Factor

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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37
Q

Not normal flora!
Causes:
Conjunctivitis- “Pinkeye”
Brazilian Purpuric Fever

A

Haemophilus aegyptius

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38
Q

Positive Porphyrin Test

A

Negative: No fluorescence
H. influenzae or H. haemolyticus

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39
Q

Negative Porphyrin Test

A

Negative: No fluorescence
H. influenzae or H. haemolyticus

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40
Q

IMVIC
++–

A

E. Coli

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41
Q

IMVIC
–++

A

K. pneumoniae
Enterobacter Cloacae

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42
Q

IMVIC
-+-+

A

Citrobacter Freundii

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43
Q

Borget-Gengou Agar

A

Bordetella Pertussi

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44
Q

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BYCE)

A

Legionella infections

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45
Q

+
Citrate - Simmons Citrate

A

Blue (alkaline) + alkaline by-products
Klebsiella

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46
Q

=
Citrate - Simmons Citrate

A

Green
E. Coli

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47
Q

+
DNAse

A

Clearing around colonies
Moraxella

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48
Q

=
DNAse

A

Green

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49
Q

+
Decarboxylase Test

A

Purple (alkaline)

50
Q

=
Decarboxylase Test

A

Yellow (acid)

51
Q

=
EMB

A

Colorless colonies
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Proteus
- Serratia
- Providencia
- Morganella
- Yersinia

52
Q

Blue-black colonies – lactose fermenter
E. Coli (sheen green)
Klebsiella (black)
Enterobacter (black)

A

+ EMB

53
Q

Haemophilus Quad plates

A

NAD
Hemin
Hemin & NAD
5% Horse blood

54
Q

+
H2S

A

Black precipitate
- Salmonella
- Proteus

55
Q

+
HE – Hektoen Enteric

A

Yellow-Orange-Pink Colonies – fermenters
- E. Coli
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
*Serratia & Yersinia uses sucrose

56
Q

=
HE – Hektoen Enteric

A

Green Colonies
- Shigella
- Providencia
- Morganella
*Salmonella & Proteus H2S+

57
Q

+
Indole (SIM)

A

Yellow (A) sugars (lactose) metabolized
- A/A
o E. Coli
o Klebsiella
o Enterobacter

58
Q

=
Indole (SIM)

A

Red (K) amino acid/protein metabolized
- K/A (red top/ yellow bottom)
o Shigella
o Providencia
o Morganella
o Yersinia
o Serratia

59
Q

=
Indole + H2S

A
  • K/A + H2S
    o Salmonella
    o Proteus
60
Q

=
LIA

A

Red/Yellow (R/A) – Lysine deamination & glucose fermentation
- Proteus
- Providencia
- Morganella

61
Q

+
LIA

A

Proteus Group (Proteus, Providencia, Morganella)

62
Q

+
LIA (K/A)

A

Purple/Yellow (K/A) glucose fermentation
- Shigella
- Enterobacter

63
Q

+
LIA (K/K)

A

Purple/Purple (K/K) lysine decarboxylation
- Klebsiella
- E. Coli
- Serratia
- Salmonella + H2S

64
Q

+
MAC

A

Pink Colonies – lactose fermenter
- E. Coli
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter

65
Q

=
MAC

A

Colorless
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Proteus
- Serratia
- Providencia
- Morganella
- Yersinia

66
Q

Martin Lewis, New York City, Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) MCN are used for

A

*N. gonorrhoeae
*N. meningitidis

67
Q

+
MIO (Motility, Indole, Ornithine)

A

Motility- growth by stab line
Indole - pink
Ornithine – purple color

68
Q

=
MIO (Motility, Indole, Ornithine)

A

Motility – dispersed growth by stab line
Indole – no color change/yellow
Ornithine – yellow @ bottom/throughout

69
Q

MR/VP Broth
Methyl Red/Vogues Proskauer
+

A

MR – red (pH <5)
- E. Coli
VP – red
- K. pneumoniae, k. aerogenes

70
Q

MR/VP Broth
Methyl Red/Vogues Proskauer
=

A

MR – yellow (no acid production)
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
VP – yellow/no color
- E. Coli

71
Q

+ color
Nitrate Reduction

A

Red

72
Q

=
Nitrate Reduction

A

No color change – add zinc to see if nitrate converted to nitrogen
- Positive – no color change
Nitrogen gas produced
- Negative – red color develop

73
Q

+
ONPG

A

Yellow – slow lactose fermenter

74
Q

=
ONPG

A

No color change

75
Q

+
PDA slants color
(Phenylalanine Deaminase)

A

Green
Proteus, Providencia, Morganella

76
Q

=
PDA slants
(Phenylalanine Deaminase)

A

Yellow

77
Q

Regan Lowe (Charcoal blood agar)

A

Bordetella pertussi

78
Q

+
SIM (H2S, Indole, Motility)

A

H2S – black precipitate
Indole – Pink
Motility – growth going away from stab line

79
Q

=
SIM (H2S, Indole, Motility)

A

H2S – no black precipitate
Indole – yellow/no color change
Motility – growth near stab

80
Q

SMAC

A

E. Coli will appear pink
E. coli 0157:H7 will appear colorless
(enterohemorrhagic E. coli)

81
Q

+
SS – Salmonella-Shigella

A

Red/Pink colonies - fermenters
- E. Coli
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter

82
Q

=
SS – Salmonella-Shigella

A

H2S production (black)
- Proteus
- Salmonella
Colorless colonies
- Providencia
- Morganella
- Yersinia
- Serratia
- Shigella

83
Q

TSI - Triple Sugar Iron Agar A/A

A
  • Serratia
  • Yersinia
  • Proteus +H2S
  • E. Coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter
84
Q

TSI - Triple Sugar Iron Agar K/A

A

o Shigella
o Providencia
o Morganella

85
Q

TSI - Triple Sugar Iron Agar K/A +H2S

A

Salmonella

86
Q

+
Urea

A

Pink
- Proteus
- Klebsiella

87
Q

=
Urea

A

Yellow
- E. Coli
- Enterobacter

88
Q

+
XLD – Xylose Lysince Decarboxycholate

A

Yellow Colonies – fermenters
- E. Coli
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
*Serratia & yersinia uses sucrose

89
Q

=
XLD – Xylose Lysince Decarboxycholate

A

Red Colonies
- Providencia
- Shigella
- Morganella
*Salmonella & Proteus H2S+

90
Q

GNR pleomorphic
Beta Hemolysis
XV Factor required

A

H. Haemolyticus

91
Q

GNR pleomorphic
Gamma Hemolysis
V (NAD) Factor only

A

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

92
Q

GNR pleomorphic
Beta Hemolysis
V (NAD) Factor only

A

Haemophilus parahaemolyticus

93
Q

GN Coccobacilli known for causing endocarditis as a group

A

HACEK

94
Q

GN coccobacilli
Oxidase =
X & V Independent
Weak ALA production
Disease: Endocarditis

A

Hacek:
Haemophilus aphrophilus (Aggregatibacter)

95
Q

GN coccobacilli
Star shaped colony
**Disease: **
Co-infections with Actinomyces israelii
Endocarditis
Peridontitis

A

hAcek:
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

96
Q

GN coccobacilli
Forms rosettes on gram stains
Disease: Endocarditis

A

haCek
Cardiobacterium hominis

97
Q

GN coccobacilli
Colonies “corrode” agar (pits the agar) & smells like bleach
**Disease: **
Face/neck infection
Bites/trauma associated w/ fist fights

A

hacEk
Eikenella corrodens

98
Q

GN coccobacilli
Plump rods in chains
Disease: bone & joint infections in young children, endocarditis, septicemia

A

haceK
Kingella species

99
Q

GN Bacilli
Fusiform, filamentous GNB
Thin spindle shape
MAC =
Gliding motility with finger-like projections

A

Capnocytophaga sp.

100
Q

Not a normal flora
small Gram negative coccobacilli
Bordet Gengou & Reagen Lowe agar +
BAP =
Whooping cough

A

Legionella pneumophillia

101
Q

Not a normal flora
Very small Gram negative rods
Zoonotic disease: Bites/Scratches from animals
MAC =

A

Pasteurella multocida

102
Q

Not a normal flora
BSL 3 Recommended
Bioterrorism
Hold 10 days, subculture at 10 days
Disease: Gibraltar fever

A

Brucella sp.

103
Q

Pleomorphic Gram negative coccobacillus with bipolar staining
Tularemia Rabbit fever
Contact through handling infected tissue, body fluids, pelts and infected animals especially cottontail rabbits
BSL 3 Recommended
Bioterrorism Agent

A

Francicella tularensis

104
Q

GNR
Dry, pink, lactose positive colony with surrounding pink area on MAC
Beta hemolysis
Lactose fermenter
Disease:
* UTI
* Bacteremia
* Meningitis in newborns
* Traveler’s Disease

A

E. coli

105
Q

GNR
H2S producer
Shiga toxins
IMViC -+–
**Disease: **
* Diarrhea
* Wound infections
* ”Fish Gangrene”

A

Edwardsiella sp.

106
Q

GNR
Not a normal flora
H2S +

A

Salmonella sp.

107
Q

GNR
Mucoid colonies on BAP
Disease:
* Community acquired pneumonia
* UTIs
* Skin/wound infections

A

Klebsiella sp.

108
Q

GNR
- Colonies resembles Klebsiella
- Oxidase =
MR =
VP +
Disease: UTI & Bacteremia

A

Enterobacter sp.

109
Q

GNR
Swarming colonies on BAP & burning chocolate smell
H2S +
Disease: kidney stones, UTI

A

Proteus sp.

110
Q

GNR
CIN - Bull’s eyes colonies
Disease:
* Enterocolitis
* Bacteremia
* Food Poisoning

A

Yersinia sp.

111
Q

GNR
BSL3 Recommended
Contact with fresh water & cold-blooded animals
Zoonotic
Disease: Diarrhea, wound infections
Oxidase +

A

Plesiomonas

112
Q

GPC Clusters
Catalase +
Coagulase +
MSA - yellow
Disease: Eye infection

A

S. aureus

113
Q

GPC Clusters
Medical devices line infection
Catalase +
Coagulase =
Novobiocin =
MSA- pink

A

S. epidermis

114
Q

GPC clusters
Gamma/weak beta
Catalase +
Coagulase =
Novobiocin +
Disease: UTI

A

S. saprophyticus

115
Q

GPC Clusters
Catalase +
Microdase +
A disk +
MSA yellow
Disease: skin/catheter infection, meningitis

A

M. luteus

116
Q

GPC lancet diplococci
Catalase -
Alpha hemolysis
P disk +
Disease: Toxic shock syndrome

A

S. pneumoniae

117
Q

GPC chains
Catalase -
Alpha, Beta, Gamma Hemolysis
A disk =
P disk =
Bile Esculin +
6.5% NaCl/PYR +
Disease: UTI, endocarditis, hospital based infections

A

Enterococcus spp.

118
Q

GPC chains
Catalase -
Alpha, Beta, Gamma Hemolysis
A disk =
P disk =
Bile Esculin =
6.5% NaCl

A

Group D Strep

119
Q

GPC chains
Catalase -
Beta hemolysis
A disk +
Disease: Strep throat. Impetigo, Type 2 Necrotizing fasciitis

A

GAS
S. pyogenes

120
Q

GPC chains
Catalase -
Beta hemolysis
A disk =
PYR =
CAMP/Hippurate +
Diseaser: Life threatening disease in infants

A

S. agalactiae
GBS

121
Q

GPC chains
Catalase -
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
Bile Esculin =
Disease: Dental caries, periodontal disease

A

Viridans strep

MLT (3 decks)

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