Micro Final Countdown 5

Question 1

What are the endemic locations for Histoplasmosis?

Answer 1

Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

Question 2

What is Histoplasmosis transmitted from?

Answer 2

Bird or bat droppings.

Question 3

Where does Histoplasma accumulate?

Answer 3

Macrophages

Question 4

What are the endemic locations for Blastomycosis?

Answer 4

States east of Mississippi River and Central America.

Question 5

What is characteristic about Blastomyces?

Answer 5

Broad base budding.

Question 6

What are the endemic locations for Coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 6

Southwestern US and California.

Question 7

The incidence of Coccidioidomycosis increases after what natural phenomenon?

Answer 7

Earthquakes.

Question 8

What form does Coccidioidomyces take in tissue?

Answer 8

Spherule (only one that is not dimorphic)

Question 9

What does Coccidioidomyces cause?

Answer 9

Valley Fever

Question 10

What is the endemic location of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

Answer 10

Latin America

Question 11

What is the characteristic formation of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

Answer 11

Budding yeast with captain’s wheel formation.

Question 12

Which fungi have hyphae that branch at acute angles?

Answer 12

Aspergillus.

Question 13

Which fungi have hyphae that branch at wide angles?

Answer 13

Mucormycosis.

Question 14

Which fungus is found in pigeon droppings and soil?

Answer 14

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 15

What causes soap bubble lesions in the brain?

Answer 15

Cryptococcus neoformans.

Question 16

What is distinctive about Cryptococcus’ structure?

Answer 16

Wide capsular halos (latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsular antigen)

Question 17

What two groups does Mucormycosis target?

Answer 17

Ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients (fungi proliferate in vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose)

Question 18

How does Mucormycosis enter the brain? What pathologies does it cause in the brain?

Answer 18

Via the cribriform plate. Causes frontal lobe abscesses.

Also: headache, facial pain and black necrotic eschar.

Question 19

What is the appearance of Pneumocystis jirovecii?

Answer 19

Disc-shaped “crushed tennis ball” yeast on methenamine silver stain.