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MSK > microbiology > Flashcards

microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

treat staph aureus with what

A

flucloxacillin

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2
Q

treat staph epidermis with what

A

vancomycin

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3
Q

treat strep pyogenes with what

A

doxycycline

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4
Q

treat gram negatives with what

A

clindamycine

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5
Q

treat anaerobes with what

A

metronidazole

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6
Q

how to diagnose osteomyelitis

A

bone biopsy and imaging

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7
Q

how to treat osteomyelitis

A

debridement or antimicrobials

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8
Q

investigations of osteomyelitis

A

culture, blood tests (CRP, plasma viscosity), imaging

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9
Q

when should antibiotics be given in osteomyelitis

A

after culture unless of sepsis or soft tissue infection

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10
Q

signs of inflammation in osteomyelitis

A

red, hot swollen, pain, loss of function

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11
Q

how can osteomyelitis occur

A

due to ipen fractures and diabetes

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12
Q

who does haematogenous spread happen in

A

pre pubertal children, PWID, elderly

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13
Q

where does haematogenous spread happen

A

in long bones or vertebrae

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14
Q

unusual sites for haematogenous spread

A

osteitis pubis, clasvicle osteomyelitis

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15
Q

causative organism in people with sickle cell osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus, salmonella

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16
Q

who gets vertebral osteomyelitis

A

PWID, trauma

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17
Q

what is verebral osteomyleitis

A

infection of the spine

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18
Q

symptoms of vertebral osteomyelitis

A

back pain and tenderness, fever, raised inflammatory markers, neurological signs

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19
Q

when should you give antibiotics in vertebral osteomyelitis

A

ALWAYS AFTER BIOPSY

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20
Q

management of vertebral osteomyelitis

A

drainage of big abscess, antibiotics for >6 weeks

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21
Q

what is the most likely causative organism of vertebral osteomyelitis

A

MSSA

22
Q

who gets skeletal tuberculosis

A

people who are born or travel to at risk areas, associated with HIV/immunocomprised

23
Q

presentation of skeletal tiberculosis

A

malaise, night sweats, weight loss, back pain, non adjoining segments, abscesses, neurologic deficits, kyphosis

24
Q

investigations of skeletal tuberculosis

A

CXR, MRI,HIV testing

25
Q

risk factors for a prostehtic joint infection

A

active infection, RA, diabetes, obesity, immunosuppressed, inoculaton occurs at time of surgery

26
Q

common pathogens in proethetic joint infections

A

staph A, coag - staph epidermis for a chronic infection

27
Q

define an acute prosthetic joint infection

A

within 3-6 weeks confined to joint space

28
Q

define a chronic prosthetic joint infection

A

over 6 weeks - biodilm often created

29
Q

what are biofilms

A

aggregations of bacteria on metal

30
Q

what type of bacteria move about and cause systemic infection

A

planktonic

31
Q

what type of bacteria stay still and grow slowly which is perfect for biofilms

A

sessile

32
Q

investigations of prosthetic joint infections

A

culture, coagulase

33
Q

what is a coagulase negative prosthetic joint infection

A

staph epidermis

34
Q

what is the management of a staph epidermis prosthetic joint infection

A

vancomycin

35
Q

how to manage prostehtic joint infections

A

remove prostehtic and cement and re implant after aggressive antibiotic therapy

36
Q

what is septic arthritis

A

inflammaton of a joint space caused by infection

37
Q

presentation of septic arthritis

A

fever, monoarthtritis sins of inflammation at joint, pain on movement, pain red hot swollen joint

38
Q

septic arthritis in adults and PWID is usually caused by

A

staph A

39
Q

septic arthritis is caused by what in children

A

haemophilus influenza

40
Q

septic arthrtis in young people and people with STIs is caused by

A

neisseria gonorrhoaea

41
Q

septic arthritis in the eldrly and PWID is causedby

A

E.coli

42
Q

what can septic arthritis be due to

A

infection spread through the blood, extension of local infection, direct inoculation

43
Q

investigations of septic arthritis

A

urgent joint aspiration for microscopy, culture and sensitivity, blood culture if pyrexic and exclude gout (exclude crystals)

44
Q

managment of spetic arthritis

A

surgical wahsout + IV antibiotics

45
Q

what is pyomyositis

A

infection of skeletal muscle with abscess formation

46
Q

what is myositis

A

inflammation of muscle due to virus, fungal parasite

47
Q

what does myositis lead to

A

myonecrosis

48
Q

what is tetanus caused by

A

clostridium tetani

49
Q

what is clostridium tetani

A

a GM+ strict anaerobe

50
Q

what does tetanus lead to

A

spastic paralysis and locked jaw

51
Q

what is the management of tetanus

A

surgical debridement, antitoxin, reduce spasm triggers and vaccine prevention

52
Q

is tetanus an infection

A

no it is a toxin

MSK (19 decks)

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