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x 3 Neuro > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the likely organisms to cause a viral meningitis?

A

Entoviruses e.g. ECHO

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2
Q

How is viral meningitis diagnosed?

A

viral stool culture
throat swab
CSF PCR - very lymphatic

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3
Q

how is viral meningitis treated?

A

supportive care

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4
Q

what are the clinical features of viral encephalitis?

A

insidious onset (can be sudden)
meningismus
stupor, coma, seizures, partial paralysis, confusion, psychosis, speech and memory problems

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5
Q

How are vHSV and VZV encephalitises treated?

A

IV aciclovir

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6
Q

What Ix. are done in viral encephalitis?

A

LP
EEG
MRI (swollen portion of brain lobe)

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7
Q

what is the most common causative organism in bacterial meningitis in neonates?

A

listeria

group B strep

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8
Q

what is the most common causative organism in bacterial meningitis in children

A

H. influenza

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9
Q

what is the most common causative organism in bacterial meningitis in children 10-21y/o?

A

Meningiococcal

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10
Q

what is the most common causative organism in bacterial meningitis in >21s?

A

pneumococcal > meningiococcal

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11
Q

what is the most common causative organism in bacterial meningitis in elderly?

A

pneumococcal > listeria

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12
Q

what are the big 4 symptoms in meningitis (bacterial)?

A

fever
stiff neck
alteration in consciousness
headache

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13
Q

what would the CSF show in viral meningitis?

A

Lymphocytes
normal or slightly high protein
usually normal glucose

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14
Q

what would CSF show in bacterial meningitis?

A

polymorphs
gram stain and bacterial antigen +ve
high protein
glucose

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15
Q

what would CSF show in tuberculous meningitis?

A

lymphocytes
gram stain +ve or -ve
protein high/v. high
glucose

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16
Q

what are the empirical antibiotics for bacterial meningitis?

A

IV ceftriaxone 2g bd

add IV ampillicilin/amoxicillin if listeria suspected

17
Q

what are the empirical antibiotics used for bacterial meningitis in a pt. with a severe penicillin allergy?

A

Chlorampheicol IV 25mg/kg 6-hourly + IV vancomycin 500mg/6-hourly

18
Q

What prophylactic antibiotics would be given to a 13y/o whose sister has been hospitalised with meningitis?

A

600mg rifampicin orally 12-hourly, 4 doses

19
Q

What prophylactic antibiotics would be given to a 6 y/o whose sister has been hospitalised with meningitis?

A

125mg IV single dose ceftriaxone

20
Q

What strains of meningitis are there vaccinations commonplace for?

A

Neisseria
H. influenzae
Strep. pneumoniae

x 3 Neuro (3 decks)

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