Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

List the main organisms that cause neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Staph. aureus
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Chlamydia trachomatis

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2
Q

All cases of neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis should be referred. True/False?

A

True

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3
Q

List the main organisms that cause bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Staph. aureus
Strep. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

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4
Q

List symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Red, hot eyes
Hazy vision
Sticky discharge
Eyelids stick together

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5
Q

Bacterial swabs should be taken prior to prescribing antibiotics for bacterial conjunctivitis. True/False?

A

True

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6
Q

What is the main topical antibiotic for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenicol

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7
Q

When must chloramphenicol be avoided?

A

History of aplastic anaemia

Allergy

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8
Q

How does discharge in bacterial conjunctivitis differ from adenoviral conjunctivitis?

A

Bacterial: sticky
Adenoviral: watery

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9
Q

List the 3 main organisms that cause viral conjunctivitis

A

Herpes simplex
Adenovirus
Herpes zoster

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10
Q

When should chlamydial conjunctivitis be suspected?

A

Unresponsive to treatment/chronic
Bilateral conjunctivitis in young adults
Less discharge + less irritating
Lymphocyte follicles

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11
Q

What is hypopyon?

A

Inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye

Appears as exudate over the eye

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12
Q

What type of ulcer can result from viral herpetic keratitis?

A

Dendritic ulcer

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13
Q

Bacterial keratitis usually occurs in association with other corneal disease. True/False?

A

True

Also contact lens wear

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14
Q

Herpetic keratitis should be treated with steroids. True/False?

A

FALSE

Steroids can cause corneal melt + perforation

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15
Q

List symptoms of orbital cellulitis

A
Painful eye movements
Proptosis
Pyrexia
Swelling
Sight-threatening
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16
Q

List the main organisms that cause orbital cellulitis

A
Staph.
Strep.
Coliforms
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
17
Q

IV antibiotics may be started before culture results in orbital cellulitis. True/False?

A

True

Broad-spec

18
Q

What is endophthalmitis and how is it usually caused?

A

Devastating infection inside the eye

Trauma, nail guns, surgery, injections

19
Q

What is the most common organism cause of endophthalmitis?

A

Staph. epidermidis

20
Q

Outline treatment of endophthalmitis

A

Intravitreal amikacin + vancomycin

Topical antibiotics

21
Q

List the main causes of chorioretinitis

A

CMV in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxocara canis

22
Q

What type of infection is toxoplasmosis?

A

Protozoan

23
Q

What is toxocara?

A

Roundworm infection that affects cats/dogs but can spread to humans

24
Q

What is the danger of toxocara?

A

Can form granules to cause irreversible visual loss

25
Q

What are the 3 main types of eye swabs?

A

Bacterial
Viral
Chlamydial

26
Q

What investigation may be done for bacterial keratitis?

A

Corneal scrape

27
Q

What investigation may be done for endophthalmitis?

A

Vitreous/aqueous culture

28
Q

When might antivirals be used for eye disease?

A

Dendritic ulcers of the cornea

29
Q

What is the main treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

Topical oxytetracycline