Exercise 1

Question 1

2 categories of microscopes and DIFFERENCES (l and e)

Answer 1

1. LIGHT
   - light waves and lenses
2. ELECTRON
   - electron beams and magnetic fields

Question 2

2 types of microscope (s and c)

S
- ____ focal length
- up to _____x size

C
- how many lenses and what are these called

Answer 2

SIMPLE
-short
-300

COMPOUND
- 2: objective & ocular

Question 3

Size of an organism considered as micro

Answer 3

<1 mm

Question 4

2 themes of microbiology

Answer 4

1. Basic biological sciences
2. Applied biological sciences

Question 5

Smallest and Largest microbe (prokaryote)

Answer 5

1. circovirus (20nm)
2. Epulopiscium fishelsoni (700 um)

Question 6

Smallest microbial eukaryote

Answer 6

nanoflagellates (2 um)

Question 7

What is the causative agent of COVID 19 and its size

Answer 7

SARS-CoV-2 virion (50-200nm)

Question 8

5 major groups of organisms studied in microbiology

Answer 8

1. bacteria
2. algae
3. fungi
4. protozoa
5. virus

Question 9

first person to observe living microorganisms and when

Answer 9

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1675

Question 10

Origin of the word “microscope”

Answer 10

Mikros - small
Skopein - to watch/see

GREEK

Question 11

Who and when was the first microscope developed

Answer 11

1590

Hans and Zacharias Jansen

Question 12

Who observed cork cells first and when

Answer 12

1667

Robert Hooke

Question 13

Linear Magnification vs Total magnification

Answer 13

LM = Objective lens only

TM = occular vs objective

Question 14

Optical Magnification (and other name) VS Magnification

Answer 14

OM (or actual magi) = apparent size/actual size

MAGNI = process of making an object appear larger

Question 15

OBJECTIVES FEATURE

distance from the CENTER OF THE LENS to the POINT where the light rays meet after reflection/refraction

Answer 15

Focal Point

Question 16

Relationship of Focal point with Magnification

and value for each objective lens

Answer 16

Inverse

LPO = 16 mm
HPO = 4 mm
OIO = 1.8 mm

Question 17

Limit of resolution of a human eye

and a microscope

Answer 17

0.1 mm

0.1um

Question 18

formula for LIMIT of RESOLUTION

Answer 18

d = 0.5λ / nsinθ

Question 19

OBJECTIVE FEATURE

measure of the resolving power of an objective

Answer 19

numerical aperture

Question 20

relationship of numerical aperture with MAGNIFICATION and FOCAL LENGTH

and values

Answer 20

M=Direct
FL=Inverse

0.25
0.65
1.25

Question 21

LENGTHS of one small and big division of SM

Answer 21

SM
0.01 mm or 10 um
0.1 mm or 100 um

Question 22

Formula for Calibration Factor

Answer 22

(SMD/OMD) x 0.01 mm

Question 23

Formula for specimen size measurement

Answer 23

CF x OM divisions

Question 24

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used for to study GROSS MORPHOLOGY

Answer 24

Bright Field

Question 25

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE used to study specimens invisible in ordinary microscope light

Answer 25

dark field

Question 26

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE used for specimens that cannot be stain or are distorted by stains

Answer 26

dark field

Question 27

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE does not need to fix or stain cells

Answer 27

phase contrast

Question 28

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE used to study detailed examination of internal structure

Answer 28

phase contrast

Question 29

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE like phase contrast but no diffraction halo

Answer 29

differential interference contrast

Question 30

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE shows a 3D appearance of specimen that may not represent reality

Answer 30

differential interference contrast

Question 31

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE uses a specific photoreactive chemical that absorbs light energy (and what is this?)

Answer 31

fluorescence (fluorochromes)

Question 32

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE used to detect immunological reactions

Answer 32

fluorescence

Question 33

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE used for thick specimens like BIOFILMS

Answer 33

confocal

Question 34

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE used to visualize structures

Answer 34

confocal

Question 35

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE used for examining living cells within intact tissues

Answer 35

two-photon

Question 36

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE limited to advance research labs

Answer 36

two-photon

Question 37

Working distance per each objective lens

Answer 37

LPO : 4-8 mm HPO - 0.5-0.7 mm OIO - 0.1 mm