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Chemistry 1- Feak (10th) > Mid-Term Vocabulary Terms > Flashcards

Mid-Term Vocabulary Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes.

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and volume

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3
Q

Scientific Method

A

Logical systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem which includes: making observations, hypotheses, and theories.

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4
Q

Observation

A

Use your senses to obtain information

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5
Q

Hypothesis

A

Proposed explanation for an observation

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6
Q

Experiment

A

Procedure that is used to test a hypothesis

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7
Q

Independent Variable

A

Manipulated variable; variable that you can change in the experiment; X-axis

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8
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Responding variable; variable observed during an experiment; Y-axis

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9
Q

Control

A

Constant; experimental element that is unchanged throughout the experiment

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10
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in an object

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11
Q

Volume

A

Measure of space occupied by an object

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12
Q

Extensive Property

A

Depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Example: L,W,H, volume

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13
Q

Intensive Property

A

Depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. Example: melting point, conductivity, density

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14
Q

Substance

A

Matter that has uniform and definite composition. Ex: Gold & Copper. Either an element or compound

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15
Q

Physical Property

A

A quality/condition of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance’s composition.

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16
Q

Solid

A

Form of matter that has definite shape and volume

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17
Q

Liquid

A

Form of matter that has indefinite shape and fixed volume

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18
Q

Gas

A

Form of matter that takes both volume and shape of its container

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19
Q

Physical Change

A

Properties of a material changes, but not its composition

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20
Q

Reversible

A

(Physical) change you can undo and do again. Ex: Melting

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21
Q

Irreversible

A

(Physical) change you cannot undo. Ex: Cutting hair

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22
Q

Mixture

A

Physical blend of 2 or more components; classified as either heterogeneous or homogeneous

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23
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Mixture in which the composition is not evenly distributed; more than two phases. Ex: Ice cream

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24
Q

Homogeneous

A

Mixture in which the composition is uniform; one phase. Ex: Air, crayon

25
Q

Solution

A

Another name for Homogeneous mixtures

26
Q

Phase

A

Term used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

27
Q

Filtration

A

Process that separates a solid from the liquid, used for heterogeneous mixtures.

28
Q

Distillation

A

Process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid by boiling

29
Q

Element

A

Simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down; categorized as a substance

30
Q

Compound

A

Substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined Ex: Water

31
Q

Chemical change

A

Change that produces matter with a different composition than the original

32
Q

Chemical symbol

A

One or two letter representation of an element

33
Q

Chemical Property

A

Ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.

34
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

Another name for Chemical Property

35
Q

Reactant

A

Substance present at the start of a reaction

36
Q

Product

A

Substance after the reaction, the end result

37
Q

precipitate

A

Solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture; clue for a chemical change

38
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed, it is conserved

39
Q

Density

A

Intensive property; Ratio of the mass divided by its volume

40
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element that retains its identity

41
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. All elements are made of atoms
  2. Same element’s atoms are identical but different from other elements’
  3. Atoms (of different elements) can physically/chemically combine and form compounds
  4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are joined, separated, or rearranged, not changed it another element’s atom.
42
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively-charged particles; 0 amu; located in the cloud; discovered by J.J. Thompson

43
Q

Cathode Ray

A

Glowing beam that traveled from cathode (-) to anode (+) revealing it was composed of electrons

44
Q

Protons

A

Positively-charged particles; 1 amu; located in the nucleus; discovered by Ernest Rutherford

45
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutrally-charged particles; 1 amu; located in the nucleus; discovered by James Chadwick

46
Q

Nucleus

A

Tiny, central core of an atom, composed of neutrons and protons

47
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons (also electrons) in the nucleus of an atom.

48
Q

Mass Number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

49
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms that have the same number of protons, but different number in neutrons

50
Q

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

A

Numerical unit for the mass of atomic particles

51
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Weighted average mass which reflects both mass and relative abundance

52
Q

Periodic Table

A

Arrangement of elements separated in groups based on their properties

53
Q

Period

A

Horizontal row of the periodic table

54
Q

Group

A

Vertical column of the periodic table

55
Q

Periodic law

A

the law that the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

56
Q

Atomic Radius

A

One half of the distance between nuclei of two atoms of same element.

57
Q

Ionization Energy

A

Energy required to remove an electron from an atom

58
Q

Electronegativity

A

Ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

Chemistry 1- Feak (10th) (1 decks)

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