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9 History > Middle Ages Test > Flashcards

Middle Ages Test Flashcards

1
Q

Receives land in exchange for military service (feudal)

A

vassal

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2
Q

Why was feudalism created?

A

to protect subjects

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3
Q

Code of conduct for knights

A

chivalry

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4
Q

The church withdrew many of their rights

A

nuns

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5
Q

He stated that only the Church could appoint its officials

A

Pope Gregory VII

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6
Q

Opposed Pope Gregory VII

A

King Henry VII

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7
Q

Monks who traveled and preached gospels

A

friars

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8
Q

Who the idea of city charters came from

A

Muslim merchants

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9
Q

Claimed the right to try clergy in royal courts

A

Henry II

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10
Q

Effects of the Black Death

A
  1. Killed 1/3 of Europe
  2. Led to an increase in wages and prices throughout Europe
  3. Trade suffered
  4. Wars were temporarily abandoned
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11
Q

Required that the every vassal pledge allegiance to him above everyone else

A

William the Conqueror

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12
Q

King John was forced to sign this to appeal to the nobles

A

Magna Carta

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13
Q

A type of architecture known for its tall spikes and stained glass windows

A

gothic

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14
Q

An event that allowed the French to expand their power

A

Hundred Years’ War

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15
Q

The everyday language for ordinary people

A

vernacular

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16
Q

Young peasant girl who led the French to victory in the Hundred Years’ War

A

Joan of Arc

17
Q

Center of the feudal economy

A

the manor

18
Q

Agricultural system based on the rotation of crops and fields

A

3-field system

19
Q

Had supreme power over all political leaders

A

pope

20
Q

Time period where there were two popes – one in France and one in Italy

A

the Great Schism

21
Q

King who fought with Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket over trying church officials in royal courts

A

King Henry II

22
Q

She married two kings, participated in the Crusades and was mother to Richard the Lion-hearted and John.

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

23
Q

He fought for the pope against the
Albigensians in addition to leading France

A

Phillip II

24
Q

What was Joan of Arc tried and executed for?

A

witchcraft

25
Q

Series of wars fought over access and control of the Holy Land between Christians and Muslims

A

the Crusades

26
Q

Who led the third crusade for the muslims?

A

Saladin (Salah-aldin)

27
Q

What is a fief?

A

a land grant given to vassals

28
Q

How were feudal social classes determined?

A

prestige and power

29
Q

Describe feudal social classes

A

nobles and knights, men and women of the church, and peasants (mostly serfs)

30
Q

What is a serf?

A

a peasant bound to the land he was born on, but was not a slave

31
Q

Where did the produce made by the serfs go?

A

their lords

32
Q

What did serfs receive from their lord?

A

housing, farmland, and protection (they were self-sufficient)

33
Q

What is lay investiture?

A

the practice by which the royal power could appoint Church officials

34
Q

What was the Concordat of Worms?

A

an agreement where the Church could appoint its own officials, but the emperor had the power to veto it

35
Q

What were the Crusades about?

A

control over the Holy Land

36
Q

Who won the Crusades?

A

the Muslims

37
Q

How did the Crusades begin?

A

called for by Pope Urban II after Alexius Comnenus (Byzantine emperor) requested help to fight off the Seljuk Turks

38
Q

Effects of the Crusades

A
  1. a - Muslim distrust of Christians/xenophobia/religious intolerance
    b - Muslim property and lives destroyed/Jewish books and synagogues destroyed
    c - No more Byzantine Empire
  2. a - Trade now flourishes/spread of culture
    b - Popes gained power
    c - Traveling brought awareness to existence of other lands (India)

9 History (4 decks)

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