Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FMST 210 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Epigenic Framework

A

A perspective that development results from reciprocal interactions between genetics and the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Developmental Plasticity

A

Intrapersonal variability in the potentials and limits of human development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genetic Mutations

A

A sudden permanent change in the structure of genes that occurs spontaneously and might be inducted by exposure to environmental toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Genetic Counselling

A

Used to construct a family history of heritable disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carrier Screening

A

If there is suspicion of a heritable disorder from both or either parent, blood tests can be conducted to detect chromosomal abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Synapses

A

Points of contact where information is transmitted between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

The Process by which neural connections that are seldom used disappear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synaptogensis

A

The formation of new synapses which peaks in different brain regions at different ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Myelination

A

The process by which neurons are coated with myelin which contributes to faster neural communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Limbic System

A

A collection of the brain’s structures responsible for emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dual Process Model

A

The brain consisting of two systems – one rational, one emotional that develop on different timeframes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gross Motor Development

A

Development of the ability to control large movements of the body

Ex: sitting, standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fine Motor Developement

A

Ability to control small movements of the fingers

Ex: holding a fork, writing clearly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dynamic Systems

A

Motor skills as a result from ongoing interactions among physical, cognitive, and socioemotional influences in which previously mastered skills are combined to interact with the world in a new way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Affordance

A

The actional properties of objects – their nature, opportunities, and limits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which new experiences are interpreted and integrated into pre-exisiting schemas

Ex: child learns new ways to pick up objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Accommodation

A

The process by which schemas are modified to include new experiences

Ex: a child who refers to both cats and dogs as “dogs” because they both have 4 legs, which is then corrected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cognitive Equilibrium

A

A balance between assimilation and accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disequilibrium

A

Mismatch between children’s schemas and reality

20
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

Infants learn about the world through their senses and motor skills

Note: Piaget believed infants were incapable of mental representation (untrue)

21
Q

Core Knowledge Perspective

A

A framework explaining that all infants are born with several innate knowledge systems

22
Q

Preoperative Reasoning

A

Characterized by advances in symbolic thought

23
Q

Centration

A

The tendency to focus on one part of a stimulus, situation, or idea

24
Q

Conservation

A

The principle that a physical quantity such as a number, mass, or volume remains the same even when its appearance changes

Note: adjacent concept to object identity

25
Q

Concrete Operation Reasoning

A

Thought becomes logical and is applied to direct tangible experiences (but not abstract problems)

26
Q

Transitive Inference

A

A classification in which a child can infer the relationship between two objects by understanding each object’s relationship to a third object

27
Q

Formal Operation Reasoning

A

Characterized by abstract, logical, and systematic thinking

28
Q

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

A

Defined as the space between what the learner can do with vs without assistance

29
Q

Private Speech

A

Children talking to themselves to problem-solve

30
Q

Scaffolding

A

A teacher/guardian adjusting how much they help children based on the progress of the child

31
Q

Proximodistal Development

A

A type of development where growth proceeds from the centre of the body outwards

32
Q

Cephalocaudal Development

A

A type of development where growth proceeds from the head downward

33
Q

Intermodal Perception

A

The process of combining information from more than one sensory system

34
Q

Neuronal Communiciation

A

What makes it possible for people to sense their world, think, move their bodies, and carry out their lives

35
Q

What is the age range of sensorimotor development according to Piaget?

A

Birth to 2 years

36
Q

What is the age range of preoperational development according to Piaget?

A

2 to 7 years

37
Q

What is the age range of concrete operational development according to Piaget?

A

7 to 12 years

38
Q

What is the age range of formal operational development according to Piaget?

A

12+

39
Q

What is the difference between prenatal screening vs prenatal testing?

A

Prenatal screening only provides information on the likelihood of a genetic chromosome disorder while prenatal testing confirms the presence or absence of one

40
Q

What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous development?

A

Continuous development is gradual and steady change while discontinuous development is abrupt

41
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

Both genes are expressed in the phenotype

Ex: a red and white flower resulting in a pink flower

42
Q

Co-Dominance

A

Both alleles of a gene in a heterozygote lack the dominant and recessive relationship (therefore each allele is capable to some degree of phenotypic expression)

Ex: a red and white flower resulting in a red and white strip flower

43
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

Occurs when a trait is a function of inheritance of many genes, such as with height, intelligence, and temperament

44
Q

Teratogens

A

Environmental factors that cause damage to prenatal development

Ex: Alcohol, smoking, deli meat

45
Q

What is the difference between experience-expectant brain development and experience-dependent brain development?

A

Experience-expectant brain development is the type of brain growth dependent on basic experiences (such as visual and auditory stimulation) while experience-dependent brain development is the brain growth in response to specific learning experiences (such as speaking a second language at home)

46
Q

Niche-picking

A

An active gene-environment correlation in which indiviuas seek out experiences and environments that complement their genetic tendencies

Ex: a tall person becoming a basketball player

FMST 210 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions