Midterm 1

Question 1

Define Disabled.

Answer 1

Any restriction or lack of ability to perform the activity within manner or range considered normal for a typical human being.

Question 2

Define Illness.

Answer 2

A temporary condition in which an individual has a disease or is in poor health.

Question 3

Define Disease.

Answer 3

The failure of an organisms adaptive mechanisms to adequately counteract the stimuli and stresses to it, resulting in a functional or structural disturbance at the cellular, tissue, and organ level.

Question 4

Define impairment.

Answer 4

Pronounced organic or functional disorder.

Question 5

Define Disability.

Answer 5

A condition which has the potential to limit activities of daily living.

Question 6

Define handicap.

Answer 6

The limiting result of a disability

Question 7

Define normalization.

Answer 7

The use of culturally valued means to enable people to live culturally valued lives.

Question 8

Define principles of normalization.

Answer 8

Integration: physically and socially

Advocacy

Behavioural techniques: Utilize appropriate target behaviours and use normal reinforcers

Avoidance deviancy juxtaposition: Avoid mixing groups of devalued people and avoid inappropriate role modelling.

Dignity of risk: Avoid unnecessary protection and allow them the right to fail.

Question 9

Define Visual impariment

Answer 9

A generic term that includes a range of visual acuity from legal blindness with partial sight to total blindness.

Question 10

Define Macular degeneration.

Answer 10

Macula is the part of the retina which forms the center of the picture and the sharpest image. Degeneration or breakdown of the retina may occur, especially, especially w/ age.

Question 11

Define Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Answer 11

Night blindness. This condition brings degeneration of the retina and the choroid, usually involving abnormal development of excess pigment.

Question 12

Define Mental Retardation.

Answer 12

A condition in which the intellectual capacity and everyday functioning of a person is significantly impaired. Must be before 18.

Question 13

Define Intellectual disability

Answer 13

An impairment of intellectual and adaptive behaviour and a deficit in abstract thinking, concept formation, problem solving, and evaluate activity.

Question 14

Define adaptive behaviour.

Answer 14

Ability to meet the standars for his/her age and cultural group in personal independence and social responsibility
—> relative to both age and situation.

Question 15

Define Fragile X syndrome.

Answer 15

Break in the long arm of the X chromosome. Autistic/hyperactive impulsive behaviours.

Question 16

Define Cerebral Palsy.

Answer 16

Non-progressive, but not unchanging disorder of movement and/or posture, due to an insult or anomaly of the developing brain.
–> Inability to control certain body movements.

Question 17

Define Spina Bifida.

Answer 17

Birth defect where the spine does not completely form. May have several vertebra exposing the spinal cord.

Question 18

Define Muscular Dystrophy.

Answer 18

A group of progressive disorders of voluntary and involuntary muscles characterized primarily by weakness and fatigue.

Question 19

Define: 
quadriplegia
Diplegia
Hemiplegia
Triplegia
Paraplegia.
Monoplegia.

Answer 19

Quadriplegia: loss of function in all four limbs

Diplegia: All 4 limbs involved, legs more affected

Hemiplegia: One side of the body, arm more affected.

Triplegia: 3 limbs involved, both arms/one leg.

Paraplegia: 2 limbs affected, both legs

Monoplegia: 1 limb affected, arm.

Question 20

Define Mobility.

Answer 20

Limited ability to walk, move from room to room, carry an object for 10 meters, or stand for long periods.

Question 21

Define Agility.

Answer 21

Ability to bend over, dress/undress, get in and out of bed, cut toe nails, grasp and use an object, and reach and cut your own food.

Question 22

Define Integration and Inclusion.

Answer 22

Integration is the process by which we involve a person and add them to a group that already exists.

Inclusion is the process in which that same person is part of the group. They make up a part of the whole.
e.g. A child in a family. They are part of the family, the family is not whole without them.

Question 23

Define Generic Agencies.

Answer 23

Agencies not oriented toward a single condition and are utilized by typical citizens.

Question 24

Describe the Model of Integration.

Answer 24

It is a model to assess how integrated a person is.

Segregated:

• Programs in institutions or homebound settings
• Programs offered by advocate association
• Segregated programs in community settings (e.g. disabled swim)
• Segregated programs to meet individual needs

Integrated:

• Integrated programs with support
• Integrated programs with minimal support
• Self-sustaining participation in programs