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COMM 111 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Stage fright (speaking apprehension)

A

Anxiety over prospect of speaking in front of audience

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2
Q

What makes us nervous?

A

Fear of humiliation
Being unprepared
Pressure to perform

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3
Q

How to reduce speech anxiety

A 
Acquire experience
Prepare prepare prepare
Think positively 
Select appropriate tone
Focus on message
Channel nervous energy
---visual aids
---move around
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4
Q

Positive nervousness

A

Shows that you care

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5
Q

Main points

A

Logical divisions
Reasons
Specific steps

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6
Q

Speech organizational patterns (organizing main points)

A 
Chronologically
Topically
Spatially
Cause and Effect
Problem Solving
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7
Q

Types of connectives

A

Transitions // indicates speaker has finished one point and is moving to another
Internal preview // statement in body of speech indicating what the speaker will say next
Internal summary // statement in body of speech summarizing preceding points
Signpost // Brief statement showing where speaker is or focusing attention on key ideas

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8
Q

Types of connectives- just the list

A

Transitions
Internal preview
Internal summary
Signpost

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9
Q

COMPONENTS OF AN INTRODUCTION

A

Relate to audience
Attention getter
Preview statement
Establish credibility/good will

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10
Q

Attention getters

A 
Startling fact/action
Humor-
Anecdote- (storytelling)-
Reference to recent event or occasion/preceding speeches 
Personal experience
Quotes-
Activity 
Question-
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11
Q

Establish credibility/goodwill

A

Perception of whether the speaker has best interests of audience in mind (you know what you’re talking about), smile, thank them

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12
Q

Preview statement (central idea and main points)

A

Map

What to expect

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13
Q

CONCLUSIONS

A

Signal end of speech
Reinforce central idea and summarize
Motivate audience to respond (call to action)
Memorable ending

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14
Q

Memorable endings

A 
Quotes- 
Humor-
Anecdotes-
Questions-
Reference intro 
Appeal to action
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15
Q

Types of Supporting Material

A

Testimony
Examples (at least 3)
Analogies
Statistics

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16
Q

Purpose of Examples

A

Interest
Connect (relate) to audience)
Engage Mind’s Eye

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17
Q

Types of Examples

A

Brief
Extended
Hypothetical

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18
Q

Hypothetical Examples must be

A

realistic

use with statistics

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19
Q

Tips for using Statistics

A

Reliable sources
Use to quantify ideas
Use sparingly
Identify sources

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20
Q

Types of testimony

A

expert

peer

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21
Q

Types of analogies

A

Comparisons
Known to unknown
Helps listeners understand unfamiliar ideas

22
Q

Advantages of using visual aids

A 
Persuasiveness
Retention
Interest
Clarity
Credibility
23
Q

Types of visual aids

A 
Objects
Models
Another person
Drawings
Graphs
Charts
Videos
The Speaker
Multi\_\_\_\_ Presentations
Photographs
24
Q

Photos

A

Enlarge them

Use good quality

25
Q

The power of delivery

nonverbal expectancy theory

A 
Audiences lose interest without good delivery.
Speaker loses credibility without good delivery.
Emotional connections (emotional contagion theory)
Audiences believe what they see.
26
Q

Methods of Delivery

A

Manuscript
Memorized
Impromptu
Extemporaneous (Planned..for example with notecards)

27
Q

Characteristics of Effective Delivery

A 
Voice
Appearance
Posture/Stance
Eye Contact
Facial Expressions
Movement
Gestures
28
Q

Eye Contact

A

Credibility

Establish in Introduction

29
Q

Gestures

A 
Repeating
Regulating
Emphasizing
Complementing
Contradicting
Substituting
30
Q

Movement

A

Paragraphs Messages
Invites Interest
Immediacy

31
Q

Posture/Stance

A

Strength

Credibility

32
Q

Facial Expressions

A

Key role in expressing thought, emotions, attitudes.

Make them consistent with message.

33
Q

Voice

A

One of the most important.

Extends meaning

34
Q

Components of Voice

A 
Pitch
Pauses
Articulation
Pronunciation
Rate
Volume
35
Q

Personal Appearance

A

Affects how audience responds to you and your message.

Enhances speaker’s credibility.

36
Q

Listening

A

appreciative (pleasure)
empathetic
comprehensive
critical

37
Q

Bad Listening

A

not concentrating
listening too hard
jumping to conclusions
focusing too much on delivery and appearance

38
Q

Brainstorming for topics

A

personal inventory
clustering
internet search
OSU databases

39
Q

General Purpose

A

To inform
To persuade
To celebrate/entertain

40
Q

Central Idea

A

single sentence that lists the main points of your speech body

41
Q

Specific Purpose

A

A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what the speaker hopes to accomplish in their speech
One distinct idea

42
Q

Specific Purpose should not

A

be a question

use figurative language

43
Q

Speech Organization Patterns

A 
Chronologically
Topically
Spatially
Cause & Effect
Problem/Solution
44
Q

IDENTIFICATION

A

a process by which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experience

45
Q

AUDIENCE CENTEREDNESS

A

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of the speech preparation and presentation process

46
Q

EGOCENTRISM

A

the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

47
Q

Audiences will evaluate what you say based on what they already know and believe.

A

.

48
Q

Audiences will be constantly asking, “Why is this important to me?”

A

.

49
Q

Demographic Audience Analysis

A

Identify the general demographic features of your audience

Gauge the importance of those features in a particular speaking situation

50
Q

Demographics

A

Age, sex, religion, sexual orientation
Racial, ethnic, or CULTURAL background
Group membership, socioeconomic status
Education

51
Q

Situational Audience Analysis

A

Builds upon demographics analysis
Audience size
Physical setting (temperature/time/etc)
Disposition toward topic (interest/knowledge/attitude), speaker, and occasion.

COMM 111 (2 decks)

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