Midterm 1 part 2

Question 1

Who discovered the microbial world?

Answer 1

Antoni van Leeuwenhoak

Question 2

How did aristotle feel about spontaneuos regeneration

Answer 2

he believed in it

Question 3

Who disproved the theory of spontaneous regeneration

Answer 3

Lois Pasteur and John Tyndall

Question 4

Who did the broad street pump?

Answer 4

John Snow

Question 5

What is the Binomial System of nomenclature?

Answer 5

Genus Name
Species Name
Strains or varients

example E.col

Question 6

Describe the difference between a gram positive and a gram negative membrane

Answer 6

Gram positive- peptidoglycan huge layer at top over the cytoplasmic membrane. cytoplasmic membrane has some protein

Gram negative- outer membrane with a bunch of oligosacharides on top. underneath is a thin layer of petidoglycan, underneath is the cytoplasmic membrane

Question 7

How are bacterial fatty acids attached?

Answer 7

Through ester linkages

Question 8

What do hopanoids do?

Answer 8

Provide rigidity to bacteria

Question 9

What do sterols do?

Answer 9

povide rigidity to eukaryotes

Question 10

What kind of phospholipid linkage do archea have?

Answer 10

Ether

Question 11

Who has petidoglycan in their cell wall, and who doesn’t?

Answer 11

All bacteria have it but no archea have it

Question 12

When transpeptidation happens, what is lost?

Answer 12

Two alanines

Question 13

What does penecillin target?

Answer 13

Transpeptidase

Question 14

What are teichoic acids?

Answer 14

they sit on the petido glycan membrane of the gram positive bacteria and it interacts with metals

Question 15

What is the structure of the Lipopolysacharide

Answer 15

Lipid A attached to a core polysacharide which is then further attache to an O-specific polysacharide

Question 16

What is the major antigenic determinant of gram negative bacteria?

Answer 16

Lipopolysacharide because it is not found in gram positive bacteria

Question 17

What does the S-layer do?

Answer 17

Found in most archea and it provides a permeable barrier

Question 18

What is the slime layer made up of?

Answer 18

Polysacharides
Dextran (a sugar of sucrose)

Question 19

How is the flagellar assembled

Answer 19

a cap is first made with a filament, then the rest of the tail

Question 20

How does the flagellum in gram negative bacterium move?

Answer 20

proton motive force

Question 21

Gram positive bacteria always have what kind of photosynthesis

Answer 21

Anoxygenic