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Sociology 2222 > Midterm 1 Studying > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Studying Flashcards

1
Q

Addiction1

A

Overwhelming involvement with drugs that is harmful to the addicted person, society, or to both

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2
Q

Addiction2

A

Non-overwhelming involvements with drugs that are problematic with the person, society or both

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3
Q

Addiction3

A

Overwhelming involvement with any pursuit whatsoever (including drugs) that is harmful to the addicted person, society or both

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4
Q

Addiction4

A

Overwhelming involvement with any pursuit whatsoever that is not harmful to the addicted person or society

Non-destructive addictions

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5
Q

Classical addiction

A

Prior to 19th century, to submit oneself to.

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6
Q

Substance dependence in DSM-IV

A

Closer to addiction2

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7
Q

When are addiction1 and 2 most commonly used

A

Medical and political discussions

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8
Q

Most common addictions3 for university students

A

Romantic love and eating(or dieting)

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9
Q

Possible cause for increase in addictions3

A

Community sports groups, gaming, reduced stigma, increase in depression & anxiety, and corporations

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10
Q

How much do self meditators use?

A

As little as they can to keep their lives together

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11
Q

What are the international drug control treaties?

SPC

A

Series of international agreements that includes

-Single Convention of 1961(weed, coke and opium)

-1971 Psychotropic Drug Treaty (opioids, meth, sedatives & hypnotics)

-1972 amendment to the Single Convention

-The 1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (banned the trade in chemicals used to manufacture scheduled substances)

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12
Q

Main goal of drug control treaties

A

Protect public health by reducing the use of prohibited drugs while facilitating access for medical and scientific purposes. It failed at both.

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13
Q

Criticisms of drug control treaties

A

-Illicit drug use has increased over the last 50 years

-Increased the harm to users

-Increased violence in some countries (eg. Mexico)

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14
Q

Radical proposals for reform and drawbacks

A

Regulate drugs in proportion to the harms they cause

-Disagreement of harms
-Current understanding lacking
-Increase in crime

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15
Q

How much harm do illicit drugs cause globally?

A

1% contribution to global burden of disease (less than tobacco and alcohol)

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16
Q

Facts about heavy stimulant users

A

Less likely to seek treatment than opioid users and more likely to commit violent crimes

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17
Q

When was the first drug law enacted in Canada?

A

Beginning of 20th century

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18
Q

What are drug laws founded upon in Canada?

A

Political and moralistic interests with a little bit of racism and oppression

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19
Q

Alchohol prohibition in Canada

A

Briefly from 1918 to 1920 and by-province including 1916-1927 in Ontario

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20
Q

Opium Act of 1908

A

First official federal drug legislation in Canada. Stopped the importing and manufacturing of opium for non-medicinal use

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21
Q

4 social factors for Opium Act

A
  1. Moral reformist movements
  2. Racial hostility towards Asian immigrants
  3. International anti-opium movement
  4. Widespread lobbying
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22
Q

Proprietary Medicine Act 1908

A

Prohibited the use of medicinal cocaine, limited alcohol amount, required pharmaceutical companies to label heroin, morphine or opium

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23
Q

Opium and Drug Act 1911

A

Extended the opium act to include cocaine and derivatives. Gave police more power

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24
Q

What happened in 1921?

A

Expanded sentences to 7 years and in 1922 added whipping and deportation

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25
Q

The Black Candle

A

A book by Emily Murphy that said marijuana turned users into homicidal maniacs

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26
Q

Single most important legislation in Canada

A

Adoption of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs through the UN

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27
Q

Narcotic Control Act of 1961

A

Replaced the Opium Act, added heroin, morphine and cannabis, penalties for drug offences became more severe

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28
Q

Just say no

A

Reagan years, this was seen as practical

29
Q

Why didn’t the war on drugs take hold in Canada?

A

Opposition parties had no interest as a party platform

30
Q

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 1996

A

Replaced the Narcotic Control Act, categorizing substances into schedules based on factors like potential for abuse and medical use. Ignored research, no public blowback

31
Q

Marijuana for Medical Purposes Regulations 2014

A

Allowed medical access to cannabis

32
Q

Legalizing cannabis task force focus

A
  1. Minimize the harms
  2. Establish a safe supply chain
  3. Enforce public safety
  4. Medical access
  5. Implementation
33
Q

Moral model

A

Substance abuse is a personal weakness

34
Q

Disease model

A

Addicts have a brain disorder than can be treated

35
Q

Biological explanations

A

Nature/drive theories, genetic theories, and neurobiological theories

36
Q

Nature/drive theories

A

Everyone has the potential to use and become dependent because human are naturally compelled to alter their state of consciousness

37
Q

Genetic theories

A

There is some inheritable gene or combination of genes that explains why some people are more likely to become addicts

38
Q

Neurobiological studies

A

Frame in the domain of medicine and treatment

39
Q

Intracellular signalling

A

Nerve cells adapt to changes produced by drugs

40
Q

Synaptic plasticity

A

Stimuli in the environment associated with drug use become linked to positive memories

41
Q

5 factor model explanation

A

Dependence is correlated with high neuroticism and low conscientiousness

42
Q

College drinkers

A

Extraversion is important

43
Q

Self-derogation theory

A

People develop negative attitudes about themselves because of their upbringing

44
Q

What disorder is linked with dependence

A

ADHD

45
Q

Control theories

A

Pursue pleasure and avoid pain

46
Q

Social bonding theory

A

If social bond is strong then a person is less likely to engage in deviant behaviour

47
Q

Self-control theory

A

A persons level of self control is what stops them from acting on hedonistic nature

48
Q

Strain theories

A

Substance use is a normal response to stressful or disadvantaged circumstances

49
Q

Anomie theory

A

-Conformity

-Innovation

-Ritualism

-Retreatism

-Rebellion

50
Q

Conformity (Anomie theory)

A

People share the goal of material success and have the means to achieve it

51
Q

Innovation (Anomie theory)

A

(Most likely to engage in criminal pursuits) Shares the goal of material success and doesn’t have the means to achieve it.

52
Q

Ritualism (Anomie theory)

A

Do not share the goal of material success but still engage in traditional means

53
Q

Retreatism (Anomie theory)

A

Do not share the goal of material success or possess the means to achieve it

54
Q

Rebellion (Anomie theory)

A

Do not share the goal of material wealth nor do they feel the need to achieve it through traditional means

55
Q

General strain theory

A
  • When aspirations and expected achievements are disconnected

-When expected achievements and actual achievements are disconnected

-When just or fair outcomes and actual outcomes are not the same

-Or removal of positive stimuli

56
Q

Cultural deviance theory

A

Subcultures are the true social explanation for behaviour

57
Q

Labelling theory

A

Substance abuse is problematic only because we have defined it as such

58
Q

Differential association theory

A

Individuals are wholly products of their environment so they can’t make personal choices

59
Q

Differential opportunity theory

A

People living in disadvantaged circumstances have three choices, criminal, conflict or retreats subcultures

60
Q

Drift theory

A

When youth don’t have traditional forms of activities they drift to more unconventional activities

61
Q

Subterranean values

A

When young peoples attitudes towards drugs are in competition with the social norm

62
Q

Routine activities theory

A

Certain activities or situations are more conductive to deviant behaviours than others

63
Q

Conflict theories

A

The focus is removed form the individuals and instead placed on the importance of power

64
Q

Marxian conflict theory

A

Laws are created by and intended to protect those who hold power in society

65
Q

Pluralist conflict theory

A

Power is evident in a variety of different structures and relationships

66
Q

Normalization thesis

A

Substance use is normal

67
Q

Focault’s Biopower

A

States ability to legitimately control and discipline entire populations

68
Q
A

Sociology 2222 (8 decks)

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