Midterm 1.1 Grains and Legumes Flashcards
Canada is a major producer of
Top producer of lentils, rapeseed/canola oil
Top 10 producer of wheat and soy beans
Grains and legumes make up 57% of crop receipts
eastern vs western canada production
eastern canada - grain production
western canada - wheat production
1/3 of farms produce oil seed and grains
1/4 of farms do cattle ranching and farming
Tree nut production in Canada
Very limited (no almonds)
Limited to SW ontario, South BC, some QC
Usually in conjunction with fruit farming
Definition of a cereal
Why are grains nutritious ?
Grain or edible seed from grass family which may be used as food and are harvested dry
Because seeds we eat are packed with nutrients to help the plant grow
Types of plants and differences
Monocotyledon - upright leaves/grasses
Dicotyledon - leafy plants
Maize/corn in US/Canada vs europe
Here maize is corn
Elsewhere maize/corn may be other grains
Endosperm is
starch reserve in a seed
The larger the seed, the better nutrient yield and chance to grow
Warm season cereals are
Maturation time
Corn –> animal feed
Millet –> industrial processing and biomass productions (renewable energy)
Rice –> not grown in Canada
Sorghum –> animal feed
*Sweet corn is different varietal of corn but harvested “wet”
110-120 day maturation
Highest corn production in Canada is in
Highest wheat production in Canada in
QC and Ontario
Praries of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba
Cool season cereals
Maturation time
Wheat, barley, oat, rye, triticale, spelt
60-90 day maturation (shorter than warm season)
Pseudocereals
Not from the same family but eaten and prepared like cereals
Grain amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa, chia
Pesticides not approved on them
Legumes and fertilization
Legumes self fertilize after harvesting the roots break down
Bacteria symbiotically fix N from the atmosphere
Plants need which nutrients to live?
N, P and K
Legumes vs. pulses
Legumes are soy beans, peanuts, pulses, fresh peas and fresh beans
Pulses are dry edible seeds from legume family
Ex.dry peas, lentils, chickpeas, fava and dry beans
Canada is worlds largest producer of pulses
oilseed crops
legume: peanut and soy bean
non-legume: sunflower, canola (rapeseed w/ erucic acid), mustard and flax
