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Communities > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Population / Aggregate

A

A group of people that has something in common

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2
Q

Population

A

Group that shares one or more common characteristics

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3
Q

Three critical attributes of a Community

A
  1. Group that has something in common
  2. Connections exist between individuals
  3. Some type of meaningful interaction occurs (SOCIAL SYSTEM)
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4
Q

Essential Elements/Dimensions of a Community

A

People, Place, & Function

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5
Q

Types of Communities

A

Geographic
Communities of Interest
Communities of solution

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6
Q

Geographic

A

defined by location; has geographical boundaries

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7
Q

Communities of interest

A

defined by common interests or purpose

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8
Q

Communities of Solution

A

group that works together to solve a problem

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9
Q

Functions of communities

A 
A.  Production, distribution or consumption of goods or information
B.  Socialization
C.  Transmission of culture
D.  Provision of norms 
E.  Provision of mutual support
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10
Q

What is Health?

A

“…A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

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11
Q

Characteristics of a Healthy community

A 
A. Has sense of community
B. Connects people and resources
C. Practices ongoing dialogue
D.  Embraces diversity
E.  Shapes its future
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12
Q

Community Health

A
  • The community influences the health and well-being of its members
  • Populations or aggregates influence the health of the whole community
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13
Q

Community-based nursing practice (CBN)

A

manages acute & chronic conditions of individuals/families

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14
Q

Public Health Nursing

A
  • “The primary focus of public health nursing is to promote health and prevent disease for entire population groups.” (APHA, 1996)
  • Scientific process that uses epidemiology, statistics & assessment to develop policies & programs
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15
Q

Focus of Public Health

A

Prevention
Communicable disease control
Safe food and water
Direct services for special population groups

Funded by taxes, fees & grants

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16
Q

Public Health

A

What society does to ensure conditions in which people are healthy

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17
Q

Core Public Health functions

A

Assessment
Policy Development
Assurance

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18
Q

Health Program

A

.

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19
Q

Politics

A

.

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20
Q

Policy

A

.

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21
Q

Primary Prevention

A

prevention of the initial occurrence of disease or injury

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22
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Early detection of disease and treatments with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects

  • screenings
  • STD Treatment
  • Treatment of TB
  • Control Outbreaks
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23
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehabilitation)

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24
Q

Community-oriented Nursing

A

The client is the community

  • Goal is to preserve, protect, promote & maintain health (population-focused)
  • Create conditions that support quality of life for those living in the community (community health
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25
Q

Acute Care Nursing

A

Structured, formal setting
Controlled environment
Close supervision, multiple providers
Ready access to resources and technology

26
Q

Community-based nursing

A

Less structure, less formality
More nursing autonomy
Less control over environment
More family responsibility for care

27
Q

Case Management

A

Process to identify high-risk clients & resources to achieve quality, cost-effective outcomes

28
Q

Goals of case management

A

reduce fragmentation of care, promote self-care, identify gaps in services, advocate for unmet needs

29
Q

Three primary roles of the hospital case manager

A
  1. Discharge planning
  2. Utilization review
  3. Quality review
30
Q

Barriers to Health care access

A 
Limited resources – no insurance creates a “two-class system”
Costs and eligibility requirements 
Language or cultural barriers
Geographic location
Hours of operation
31
Q

Social Justice

A
  • all persons are entitled to the key elements for health, and resources sufficient to meet basic human needs.
32
Q

Marketplace Justice

A

distribution of resources is based on individual effort.

33
Q

What values are most compatible with the concept of caring?

A

Equality and right to health care

34
Q

Health care program

A

a service designed to meet the health care needs of clients

35
Q

Policy

A

a guideline that determines how something is done

  • gives purpose and direction
  • determines choices on resources
36
Q

Politics

A

The process of influencing the decisions of others

-Shapes pubic policy

37
Q

Status

A

Vital signs of the community

  • “physical assessment findings”
  • epidemiologic data
  • who is affected, to what extent, why
38
Q

Structure (systems)

A

Physical environment
Socioeconomic composition
Facilities and services available

39
Q

Process

A

How a community functions

40
Q

Capacity

A

strengths, weaknesses and problem-soliving skills of the community

41
Q

Competence

A

how effectively the community works together to meet needs

42
Q

Healthy communities have

A

Positive health status indicators
Structures for equitable and accessible services
Processes reflect capacity and competence

43
Q

Steps in the community assessment process

A
  1. Establish team
  2. Identify resources
  3. Develop research plan/ establish time frame
  4. collection and analysis of existing data
  5. Do primary research to gather additional data
  6. Analyze results
  7. Report findings to community
  8. Prioritize problems and select priority for change
44
Q

Community health assessment diagnosis

A

statement of group or aggregate’s response that is healthy or actually or potentially unhealthy and that nursing can influence or change.

45
Q

Race

A

classification system based upon biological (DNA) variations

46
Q

Culture

A

non-physical traits shared and transmitted over time

47
Q

Ethnicity

A

shared characteristics such as race, as well as cultural values.

48
Q

Cultural compatibility

A

similarities that minimize barriers

49
Q

Cultural sensitivity

A

awareness that cultural variables exist

50
Q

cultural competence

A

translation of variables into practice

51
Q

stereotyping

A

assumption that everyone shares the same characteristics

52
Q

prejudice

A

pre-conceived bias; negative feelings or attitude

53
Q

discrimination

A

different rules applied; restricts opportunity

54
Q

racism

A

assumption that one racial group is superior to another

55
Q

Transcultural nursing

A

a learned humanistic and scientific area of formal study and practice which is focused upon differences and similarities among cultures with respect to human care, health, and illness based upon the people’s cultural values, beliefs, and practices

56
Q

Frontier area

A

fewer than 6 persons per square mile

57
Q

rural area

A

inhabited by less than 2,500 people

58
Q

Urban cluster

A

2,500 to 50,000 people

59
Q

Urban area

A

densely populated city and surrounding area with >50,000 people

60
Q

Limitations in rural services

A

distance to specialist
less population to support mental health, rehab services
lack of public transport
Access affected by cost and distance

61
Q

Barriers to rural services

A

transportation
communication
unpredictable weather
lack of staff

Communities (1 decks)

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