Midterm

Question 1

Types of pollutants

Answer 1

Fund, stock

Question 2

Fund pollutant

Answer 2

assimilative capacity; rate of accumulation < rate of injection

Ex: thermal, biological, excessive nutrients
-can disrupt the ecosystem

Question 3

stock pollutant

Answer 3

builds up because there are no natural processes to remove them

ex: inorganic chemicals and minerals, heavy metals (Cuyahoga River)

Question 4

Clean Water Act

Answer 4

federal government gave finance for sewage
-durirng modern enviro movement in ’70s

Question 5

EPA (Feds)

Answer 5

set the agenda and standards

Question 6

flood plain

Answer 6

nature’s storage for events we don’t like (in a flood; stores flood water)

Question 7

What causes flood plains to form?

Answer 7

-rain
-dams breaking
-snow melting
-saturated land

Question 8

what’s a hundred year flood?

Answer 8

a big flood with a 1/100 chance of happening every year

Question 9

What’s a fifty yr flood?

Answer 9

1/50 chance of flooding in a yr

Question 10

what’s a 10 yr flood?

Answer 10

1/10 chance of flooding in a yr

Question 11

watershed

Answer 11

downstream rivers that connect eventually and go to the same place

Question 12

What’s a levee/floodwall?

Answer 12

flood water kept out to prevent flooding houses

Question 13

low flow augmentation

Answer 13

dam slowly releases stored water

Question 14

what’s a dam for?

Answer 14

-flood control
-power generation
-water supply
-low flow augmentation
-habitat creation
-navigation (for boats in water)

Question 15

pros of dams

Answer 15

-flood control
-hydropower
-irrigation
-recreation

Question 16

cons of dams

Answer 16

-never can be risk free
-alter ecosystems
-hold silt
-block migratory fish
-cost benefit not viable in current economy

Question 17

what is the climax forest?

Answer 17

the last stage when certain species become dominant and remain constant

Question 18

regeneration methods

Answer 18

-uneven-aged
-even-aged

Question 19

uneven-aged

Answer 19

-results in trees of various ages (individual tree selection)
-promotes shade loving species because shade is retained in the forest

Question 20

Even-aged

Answer 20

-results in a stand of trees of the same age
-promotes sun-loving species because shade is removed

Question 21

best management practices

Answer 21

-buffer strips
-waste disposal
-proper log roads, skid trails, log yards
-stream crossings
-streams clear of logging debris

Question 22

Why are forests are like carbon sinks?

Answer 22

-trees store carbon in their leaves
-carbon is released into the environment during deforestation

Question 23

population

Answer 23

collection of organisms of the same species in an area

Question 24

community

Answer 24

populations of different species living & interacting in an area

Question 25

ecosystem

Answer 25

specialized community functioning with its environment

Question 26

strategic value

Answer 26

manage for a condition

Question 27

commodity value

Answer 27

manage for money

Question 28

aesthetic value

Answer 28

manage for looks

Question 29

moral value

Answer 29

manage for mother earth

Question 30

biomes

Answer 30

large life zones made up of many smaller ecosystems

Question 31

common resources

Answer 31

air, water, public parks

Question 32

government-owned/regulated resources (Public Trust Doctrine)

Answer 32

state parks

Question 33

private resources

Answer 33

mine (mining corporations privately owned)

Question 34

Law 1 of Ecology

Answer 34

1. Everything is connected to everything else (ex: predators eat prey)

Question 35

Law 2 of Ecology

Answer 35

2. Everything has to go somewhere
   (ex: watercycles)

Question 36

Law 3 of Ecology

Answer 36

3. Everything is always changing
   (ex: ecological succession)

Question 37

Law 4 of Ecology

Answer 37

4. There is no such thing as a free lunch
   (ex: environmental cost)

Question 38

Law 5 of Ecology

Answer 38

5. Everything has limits

(ex: we used to think resources didn’t have limits)(ex: renewable resources are useful only if they’re replenished after they’re used)

Question 39

Laws of Ecology

Answer 39

1. Everything is connected to everything else
2. Everything has to go somewhere
3. Everything is always changing
4. There is no such thing as a free lunch
5. Everything has limits

Question 40

forest succession

Answer 40

natural process of how forests change

Question 41

FEMA maps

Answer 41

special maps made by gov to show which areas are likely to flood