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Music Hum > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Duration

A

How long a note lasts

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2
Q

Rhythm

A

Arrangement of the durations in a melody (the general way music unfolds in time)

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3
Q

Beat

A

Basic unit of measurement for time in music

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4
Q

Meter

A

Any recurring pattern of strong and weak beats (duple = beats grouped in two, triple = beats grouped in three)

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5
Q

Downbeat

A

First beat in each grouping of beats of a meter

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6
Q

Tempo

A

Speed of music, or the rate at which the basic, regular beats of the meter follow one another

  • Presto = very fast
  • Allegro = fast
  • Andante = slow but not too slow (walking speed)
  • Adagio = slow
  • Largo = very slow
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7
Q

Metronome

A

Device that ticks out the beats at any desired tempo

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8
Q

Pitch

A

Quality of sound related to the frequency

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9
Q

Dynamics

A

Level of strength of the sound (piano = soft, forte = loud)

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10
Q

Melody

A

A linear progression of pitches over time

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11
Q

Interval

A

Distance between two pitches

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12
Q

Cadence

A

Close of a musical phrase or statement

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13
Q

Texture

A

Overall sonic effect in a musical passage of the number and types of instruments and voices

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14
Q

Monophony

A

Texture in which one or more voices or instruments perform a single melody in unison

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15
Q

Homophony

A

Texture in which there is one melody combined with other, less prominent sounds (accompaniment)

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16
Q

Polyphony

A

Texture made up of a web of independent melodic lines

  • Imitative = each of the voices melodies is of equal importance and voices imitate each other in succession
  • Non-imitative = distinct melodic lines overlapping
17
Q

Homorhythm

A

A type of homophony that employs the same rhythms across all the voices or parts

18
Q

Gregorian chant

A

Monophonic, unaccompanied chant used in early Roman Catholic Church (no meter and follows rhythm of the text, 9th century)

19
Q

Paraphrase

A

Embellishment of a preexisting chant

20
Q

Canso

A

Love songs of the troubadours, consists of 5-7 line stanzas with a rhyme scheme AAAABAB, following by a couplet

21
Q

Motet

A

Polyphonic vocal piece on a sacred Latin text (Renaissance)

22
Q

Madrigal

A

Polyphonic, secular and social poems in French, Italian, or English (Renaissance)

23
Q

Opera

A

Drama for the stage in which all characters sing their parts

24
Q

Oratorio

A

Sacred music dramas without staging or costumes

25
Q

Troubadour

A

Poet-musician in Southern France of the 12th and 13th centuries, composing secular monophonic songs in the language of Old Provencal
- Wrote cansos

26
Q

Recitative

A

Largely syllabic, driven by rhythms of the text, used in dramatic music when characters speak

27
Q

Aria

A

Poetic text in which musical considerations dominate over text. Rather reflective

28
Q

Tablature

A

A form of musical notation indicating instrument fingering or the location of the played notes rather than musical pitches
- e.g. for guitar

29
Q

Ritornello

A

Passage of music that recurs within a movement

30
Q

Academies

A

Intellectual societies for music, poetry, astrology and conversation in Italy during the Renaissance (humanism)

31
Q

Fugue

A

Polyphonic composition based on a single theme or subject, which is introduced in imitation in all voices at the beginning and recurs in various voices

  • Solo instrumental, keyboard, imitative polyphony that gets solved over time, homorhythmic at end
32
Q

Concerto

A

Piece for one or more virtuoso solo instruments with a small or large orchestra, usually in 3 movements
- Solo instrumentalist + ensemble

33
Q

Concerto grosso

A

A large, collective force and two or more soloists (grosso means big in Italian)
- Two or more soloists + an ensemble

34
Q

Theme and Variations

A

Musical structure that starts with a theme with a memorable melody, then the theme is repeated multiple times with different types of variations

35
Q

Opera buffa

A

Type of Italian opera of the 18th century with a comic plot

  • comic opera (as opposed to opera seria), has light-heartedness and comical tones

Music Hum (1 decks)

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