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Psychopathology > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an example of active promotion in substance abuse?

A

Legalizing some substances while criminalizing others

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of substance problems according to DSM-4

A

Substance use, substance abuse, and substance dependence

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3
Q

Acute effects of substances that come from the chemicals of drugs such as being jittery from coffee

A

Substance Use

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4
Q

When use of substance becomes patterns of use that cause various problems but continued use despite interpersonal consequences

A

Substance Abuse

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5
Q

When substance use leads leads to physical problems such as tolerance and withdrawals or when a person can’t cut down despite attempts, too much time spent in drug-related activities

A

Substance Dependence

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6
Q

DSM-5 combines substance _____ and __________ into substance use disorders

A

abuse/dependence

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7
Q

Physiological issue with substance disorders where you need more of the substance to achieve the same psychological effect

A

Tolerance

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8
Q

In tolerance when the substances enhances the enzymes that degrade the substance so that more is needed to yield the same effect

A

Metabolic

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9
Q

In tolerance when the substance alters brain physiology and chemistry

A

Cellular

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10
Q

If you stop or even cut down on using the substance a characteristic physiological syndrome results that is generally the opposite of the effects of the drug itself

A

Withdrawal/Abstinence syndrome

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11
Q

Class of substance that enhances attention/focus by keeping you awake, enhancing motivation/pleasure

A

Stimulants/Selective Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors

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12
Q

Class of substance that is used for pain reduction, but easily addictive such as heroin, percacet, and fentanyl

A

Opioids

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13
Q

Class of substance that is a GABA agonist and used for anxiety reduction/sleep enhancement

A

Sedative/Hypnotics

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14
Q

Persistent pattern of negative, oppositional, defiant behavior; they really reject authority

A

ODD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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15
Q

Far more serious pattern of assault, rule violations, and/or covert antisocial behavior that is hard to diagnose before late childhood because of severity of problems

A

CD, Conduct Disorder

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16
Q

What are the parenting styles that contribute to ODD and CD

A

Authoritarian and Permissive

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17
Q

Popular belief in the 1970s that depression exists for children through behaviors such as bedwetting, aggression, and learning problems

A

Masked Depression

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18
Q

Major depressive disorder defined as a low mood occurring for at least two years, along with at least two other symptoms of depression; “double depression”

A

Dysthymia

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19
Q

How does development play a role in depression?

A

rise in girls during puberty, hormones, heritability, familial transmission

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20
Q

One often has multiple anxiety disorders which makes _________ high

A

Comorbidity

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21
Q

Has many of the same psychophysiological indicators as fear but worry and preoccupation take over, Anticipation of negative outcomes: tension , negative affect

A

Anxiety

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22
Q

Extreme fight/flight response but without danger present; symptoms akin to suffocating, having a heart attack, completely losing control, major source of ER visits

A

Panic

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23
Q

Fear of places and situations that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment; we want to avoid terrible emotions

A

Agoraphobia

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24
Q

Developmentally why are girls more likely to face depression?

A

Puberty rise of hormones, societal role expectations, heritability 40% girls

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25
Q

One can often have multiple anxiety disorders meaning that ___________ is high

A

Comorbidity

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26
Q

What are some examples of physiological consequences of anxiety

A

sweat, heart rate, respiration, dry mouth, hormone levels

27
Q

What are some examples of cognitive consequences of anxiety

A

Search for threat, low concentration, images of harm to self/others

28
Q

What are some examples of behavioral consequences of anxiety?

A

trembling, fidgeting, crying, avoiding fear stimulus

29
Q

The most common type of anxiety among children with the earliest onset, apparent through desperation when parents leave or when fear that they may leave emerges

A

Separation anxiety disorder

30
Q

Type of anxiety that is hard to treat, not just ‘free floating’ anxiety but rather a great many feared stimuli; worries are present everywhere and may serve the avoidance mechanism
as well as constant need for reassurance

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

31
Q

Terror of evaluation from others such as speech, going out, and playing a sport in public

A

Social Phobia or social anxiety disorder

32
Q

What are some treatment styles of phobia?

A

classical conditioning, exposure, behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy

33
Q

Name an example of desensitization

A

You and your therapist level up to approaching fears

34
Q

Name an example of flooding

A

You start off with highest level of fear exposure and then work backwards

35
Q

Late childhood or mid-adolescence onset that is distinct from other anxiety disorders and consists of obsessions followed by compulsions

A

OCD,obsessive compulsive disorder

36
Q

Unintentional versus intentional infliction of injury on a child

A

Physical Abuse

37
Q

Fits of rage or loss of control but not accidental

A

Unintentional

38
Q

Actual sexual acts with children or in the presence of children

A

Sexual Assault

39
Q

Physical abuse correlates with _____________ behaviors while sexual abuse correlates with _____________ behaviors

A

Externalizing/Internalizing

40
Q

Maltreatment of a child by a person responsible for the child’s welfare under circumstances indicating harm or threatened harm, to the child’s health or welfare, includes both acts and omissions on the part of the responsible person; Has the most severe and devastating consequences

A

Neglect

41
Q

What are the 4 types of maltreatment

A

physical, sexual, neglect, and emotional abuse

42
Q

Maltreatment is mostly seen in families with _____ ______ environments such as parental unemployment, poverty, violent neighborhoods

A

High Stress

43
Q

What are the parenting characteristics involved with maltreatment

A

Authoritarian, coercive discipline, and substance abuse

44
Q

Maltreatment is more attributable to __________ factors rather than heritability

A

environmental

45
Q

What are the cognitive consequences of physical abuse?

A

intellectual/academic delays

46
Q

What are the behavioral/social consequences of physical abuse?

A

peer rejection/hostile/retaliation

47
Q

What are the physical consequences of sexual abuse?

A

somatic concerns, possible STDs/STIs

48
Q

What are the behavioral consequences of sexual abuse?

A

internalizing, PTSD, sleep disruption, sexual ‘acting out’

49
Q

What are the physical consequences of neglect?

A

compromised physical health, lagged growth and developmental milestones

50
Q

What are the cognitive consequences of neglect?

A

delays in intelligence

51
Q

Emotional abuse may also include witnessing ________ _____ and ____________

A

domestic abuse/exploitation (sexual and child labor)

52
Q

Children with learning disability or physical disabilities are ____ more abused

A

3x

53
Q

A neurodevelopmental condition defined by persistent, ongoing patterns of inattention and or hyperactivity-impulsivity; a syndrome of many symptoms NOT a disorder

A

ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

54
Q

What are some examples of hyperactivity?

A

Excessive talking, fast talker, unintentionally loud, rambling, fidgeting

55
Q

What are some examples of Impulsivity?

A

Blurts answers, impatient, lacks filter, quick emotional response, inappropriate oversharing

56
Q

What are some examples of inattention?

A

struggle to pay attention, easily bored, forgets details, ignores others, easily distracted

57
Q

What are the medications used to treat ADHD?

A

Stimulants; selective dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

58
Q

Type of aggressive and antisocial behavior that is physical such as pushing, hitting, and temper tantrums

A

Overt Aggression

59
Q

Type of aggressive and antisocial behavior that includes stealing, property destruction, lying, and substance abuse

A

Covert Antisocial Behavior

60
Q

Type of aggressive and antisocial behavior where a kid may tell another kids that they won’t be their friend just to hurt them, predominant in girls

A

Relational Aggression

61
Q

Type of aggressive and antisocial behavior that is conscious, planned, and instrumental

A

Proactive Aggression

62
Q

Type of aggressive and antisocial behavior that consists of emotionally charged response to provocations or frustration

A

Reactive Aggression

63
Q

How can aggression and antisocial behavior be defined as heterotypic continuity?

A

ODD, CD, antisocial personality disorder

64
Q

When there are high levels of both inattention and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, most common among referred children/adolescents

A

Combined

Psychopathology (3 decks)

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