Midterm 2 Flashcards
A condition or normlessness; a breakdown in the social order. A concept favored by Merton in his explanation of the high rate and deviance in the United States.
Anomie
A type of fear that has numerous forms and originates in the complex relationships among the media, crime itself, various sociological and psychological dimensions of people’s lives, and modern-day anxieties.
Fear of Crime
A type of fear that has numerous forms and originates in the complex relationships among the media, crime itself, various sociological and psychological dimensions of people’s lives, and modern-day anxieties.
Fear of Crime
The second great theoretical movement in modern criminology, its method of analysis is based on the collection of observable scientific facts, and its aim is to uncover, to explain, and to predict the ways in which the observable facts of crime occur in uniform patterns.
Positivist criminology
The unlawful damage to or taking of the property of another.
property crimes
A criminological theory developed and practiced in the 1970’s and the 1980’s that applied Marxist theory to the study of crime and social control.
radical criminology
The theory that holds that social behavior is a cognitive process in which personality and social environment are involved in a continuous process of reciprocal interaction.
social learning theory
The term coined by Edwin Sutherland to describe crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her occupation. It typically takes an economic form and is stimulated by economic cycles.
white collar crime
Any of the means of communication, as television or newspapers, that reach very large numbers of people.
mass media
Holds that each society has a dominant set of values and goals along with acceptable means of achieving them. Not everyone is able to realize these goals. The gap between approved goals and the means people have to achieve them create what Merton terms social strain.
strain theory
The Bureau of the Census with the Bureau of Justice Statistics collects it and conducts a survey of 76,000 households and it is a 27-page questionnaire.
NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey)
is the theory of how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping.
labeling theory
argued that society may be set up in a way that encourages too much deviance. He believed that when societal norms, or socially accepted goals, such as the ‘American Dream,’ place pressure on the individual to conform, they force the individual to either work within the structure society has produced, or instead become members of a deviant subculture in an attempt to achieve those goals. which is strain theory.
Robert merton
The theorist suggests that people engage in criminal activity when their bond to society has weakened. “social control theory refers to a perspective which predicts that when social constraints on antisocial behavior are weakened or absent, delinquent behavior emerges.” In other words, when an individual has experienced a lack of social connections or a lack of social network that would normally prohibit criminal activity, the likelihood that the individual will participate in criminal activity increases.
Travis Hirschi
crimes are those crimes that do not involve the use of any force or injury to another person. The seriousness of a non-violent crime is usually measured in terms of economic damage or loss to the victim.
Most non-violent crimes involve some sort of property crime such as larceny or theft.
non-violent crimes
