midterm 2- practice exam questions

Question 1

many health authorities recommend that Americans consume within ___% of their total calories from carbohydrates

Answer 1

45-65%

Question 2

______ is the major monosaccharide found in the body

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

the main function of glucose is to supply _____ for the body

Answer 3

energy

Question 4

polysaccharides that cannot be fully digested by human digestive enzymes and therefore cannot be absorbed are called

Answer 4

fiber

Question 5

carbohydrate digestion begins in the

Answer 5

mouth

Question 6

dietary fiber may play a role in the prevention of ___ cancer

Answer 6

colon

Question 7

the process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the suns heat and light is called

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

the monosaccharides important in nutrition are

Answer 8

fructose, glucose, and galactose

Question 9

the major source of glucose released to elevate a low blood glucose level is

Answer 9

glycogen

Question 10

the hormone _____ is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is elevated above a normal range

Answer 10

insulin

Question 11

the glycemic index (GI) is a measurement of how a carbohydrate-containing food raises

Answer 11

blood glucose

Question 12

a______ is made up of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids

Answer 12

triglyceride

Question 13

the process of _____ removes double bonds from fatty acids, giving the fat a more solid consistency

Answer 13

hydrogenation

Question 14

if a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be ____ at room temperature.

Answer 14

solid

Question 15

after chylomicrons leave the intestinal cells, they are transported via what system?

Answer 15

lymphatic

Question 16

plant proteins do not match our needs for essential amino acids and therefore are called ______ proteins

Answer 16

incomplete

Question 17

treating a protein with acid, heat, or agitation will cause ____ , meaning that the three dimensional structure of the protein has been altered.

Answer 17

denaturation

Question 18

the basic building block of a protein is called

Answer 18

amino acid

Question 19

an essential amino acid

Answer 19

can be synthesized in the body if there is nitrogen source

Question 20

what enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein

Answer 20

pepsin

Question 21

if a food does not contain the necessary amounts of a certain amino acid, the amino acid is referred to as an

Answer 21

limiting amino acid

Question 22

if the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action

Answer 22

protein synthesis will be limited

Question 23

_____ is a type of malnutrition that results primarily from not consuming enough calories.

Answer 23

marasmus

Question 24

which of the following is true about protein intake of people in the United States

Answer 24

most consume more than is needed.

Question 25

the name for minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive is _____. This represents about 60-70% of total energy expenditure.

Answer 25

basal metabolism

Question 26

all of the following contribute to total energy expenditure except

Answer 26

energy content of food

Question 27

the thermic effect of food

Answer 27

represents the calories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food

Question 28

thermogenesis refers to all of the following except

Answer 28

the energy you require during sleep at night

Question 29

the body’s set point has been suggested to be

Answer 29

a weight to which the body closely regulates

Question 30

underweight is define as a body mass index below ____ kg/m2

Answer 30

18.5

Question 31

men with body fat levels greater than _____ have increased health risks

Answer 31

the body is unable to synthesize the compound

Question 32

which statement about vitamins is true

Answer 32

help regulate chemical reactions in the body

Question 33

which fat soluble vitamins are most toxic if consumed in excess amounts over long periods of times

Answer 33

vitamins A and E

Question 34

the nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone

Answer 34

vitamin D

Question 35

which of the following vitamins serves as an antioxidant in cell membranes

Answer 35

vitamin E

Question 36

the nutrient essential for synthesis of several blood clotting factors is

Answer 36

vitamin k

Question 37

enrichment of grains was started in the 1930’s. Enrichment was expanded to include ___in 1998.

Answer 37

folic acid

Question 38

B vitamins have high ___ which means that, typically about 50% to 90% of the B vitamins in the diet are absorbed.

Answer 38

utilization

Question 39

all of the following are true of B vitamins except

Answer 39

they are stored in adipose tissue

Question 40

this vitamin, when consumed during pregnancy, can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida

Answer 40

folate/folic acid

Question 41

scurvy can be prevented with adequate intakes of

Answer 41

vitamin C

Question 42

Vitamin C is a ____ soluble vitamin

Answer 42

water

Question 43

when attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ______ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis

Answer 43

37%

Question 44

men with body fat levels greater than ___ have increased health risks

Answer 44

24%

Question 45

dietary fibers primarily are

Answer 45

polysaccharides

Question 46

a____is the simplest form of lipid; it is carbon chain, flanked by hydrogens, with an acid group at one end and a methyl group at the other end

Answer 46

fatty acid

Question 47

the American heart association recommends that we should consume no more than ___ milligrams of cholesterol per day.

Answer 47

300

Question 48

of the macronutrients, fats are the most significant dietary factors associated with

Answer 48

heart disease

Question 49

a monounsaturated fatty acid contains

Answer 49

one double bond

Question 50

in proteins, amino acids are joined by ____ bonds

Answer 50

peptide