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Bio 60 > MIDTERM 3 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

physical activity

A

any movement of skeletal muscles that requires energy

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2
Q

exercise

A

planned, repetitive, and intended to improve physical fitness

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3
Q

2008 physical activity guidelines

A

-150 minutes per week of moderate intensity
or
-75 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity

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4
Q

rating of perceived exertion

A

range of 1 to 10 with each number corresponding to a subjective feeling of exertion
-aim for a number 4

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5
Q

moderate intensity

A

aerobic activity that increases heart rate and breathing (5-6 on rpe scale)
-dancing, swimming, brisk walking

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6
Q

vigorous intensity

A
  • greatly increases heart rate and breathing (7-8 on RPE scale)
  • jogging, tennis, bicycling uphill
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7
Q

muscle strengthening

A

activity that increases skeletal muscle strength, power endurance, and mass

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8
Q

FITT

A

-frequency, intensity, time, type

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9
Q

MHR

A

220-AGE

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10
Q

muscular strength

A

maximal force a muscle can exert against a load at one time

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11
Q

muscular endurance

A

ability of the muscle to perform repeated, submaximal contractions over time without becoming fatigued

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12
Q

muscular power

A

combines strength with speed for explosive movements such as jumping or throwing

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13
Q

flexibility exercises

A
  • enhance balance and stability, reduces risks of falls

- ability to move a joint through its full range of motion

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14
Q

ATP

A
  • main energy currency for cells

- used to prove ion pumping, enzyme activity, and muscular contraction

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15
Q

phosphocreatine (PCr)

A
  • high energy compound that can be used to re-form ATP.

- used during bursts of activity such as lifting and jumping

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16
Q

iron

A
  • transport of oxygen

- cofactor in energy metabolism

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17
Q

iron deficiency

A

weakness, fatigue, decreased work capacity

18
Q

fluids

A
  • 9 cups for women

- 13 cups for men

19
Q

heat exhaustion

A

first stage of heat related illness that occurs because of depletion of blood volume from fluid loss by the body

20
Q

heat cramps

A

frequent complication of heat exhaustion

21
Q

heat stroke

A

can occur when internal body temperature reaches 104 degrees F.

22
Q

hyponatremia

A

low blood sodium

23
Q

ergogenic aid

A

a mechanical, nutritional, psychological, pharmacological, or physiological substance or treatment intended to directly improve exercise performance

24
Q

anorexic nervosa

A
  • severely restrict energy intake relative to requirements
  • intense fear of gaining weight
  • distorted body image
25
Q

nutrition therapy

A
  • first goal is to gain personas cooperation and trust
  • increased food intake to raise basal metabolism
  • prevent further weight loss
26
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

-recurrent episodes of being eating followed by some type of compensatory behavior (vomiting, laxatives) to prevent weight gain

27
Q

pica

A

-persistently eats nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month

28
Q

night eating syndrome

A
  • eating more than 25% of calories after evening meal
  • not feeling hungry in the morning
  • waking up at night to eat
29
Q

female athlete triad

A
  • female athletes in appearance based and endurance sports
    1. disordered eating
    2. irregular menses or ammenorrhea
    3. osteoporosis
30
Q

muscle dysmorphia

A
  • reverse anorexia

- want to get big and muscular

31
Q

diabulimia

A

adolescents with diabetes

-mess with insulin

32
Q

orthorexia

A

-strict food rules begin to interfere w/ everyday life

33
Q

hunger

A

physiological state that results when not enough food is eaten to meet energy needs

34
Q

malnutrition

A

condition of impaired development or function caused by deficiency or excess

35
Q

undernutrition

A

food supply insufficient to meet needs of a population

36
Q

over nutrition

A

excess amount of food leading to a massive starvation in a population

37
Q

famine

A

extreme shortage of food leading to massive starvation in a population

38
Q

food insecurity

A

condition of anxiety about running out of food or money to buy food

39
Q

famine

A 
characteristics:
-large scale loss of life
-social disruption
-economic chaos
-human distress 
causes:
-crop failure
-bad weather
-war/political unrest
40
Q

effects of starvation

A
  • weight loss
  • fatigue, muscle soreness, irritability, hunger pains
  • poor concentration and lack of ambition
  • decreased heart rate and muscle tone
  • birth size, length of gestation, intellectual development
41
Q

situation poverty

7 D’s

A
  • divorce
  • death
  • disease
  • downsized
  • disabled
  • disasters
  • debt

Bio 60 (4 decks)

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