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History Midterm > Midterm #4 > Flashcards

Midterm #4 Flashcards

1
Q

In the 7th to the 8th century what was Constantinople?

A

Rome

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2
Q

When did various Muslim groups continued to win victory and began to threaten Constantinople first in ________and then in __________.

A

674 CE; 717 CE

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3
Q

When was the 1st Crusade?

A

1095 CE

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4
Q

Was Islam a unified group during the early Crusades period?

A

No

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5
Q

Was a series of Moroccan groups who invaded this part of the Islamic world directly involved in the Crusades?

A

No

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6
Q

Who controlled the territory from Baghdad to Anatolia (Turkey) and into Iran/Persia?

A

The Seljuks

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7
Q

When was the Fall of Jerusalem?

A

1099 CE

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8
Q

How long did the Christians hold the city of Jerusalem?

A

Less than 100 years

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9
Q

When did Saladin recapture Jerusalem?

A

1187

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10
Q

What does Globalization have to do with the Christians not succeeding in taking back the Holy Land permanently?

A

They did bring back the knowledge and products they got from their contact with the Muslims

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11
Q

Who were the Mongols?

A

A group of Nomadic tribal people living on the Steppe

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12
Q

Who were the Mongols’ united under in 1205 CE?

A

Chinggis Khan c.

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13
Q

Where was Chinggis Khan c. born?

A

Temujin

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14
Q

What did Chinggis Khan c. promote?

A

Merit vs. family/tribal

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15
Q

When did Chinggis Khan c. die?

A

1227 CE

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16
Q

What advantages did the Mongols have?

A
  • Horses
  • Can live off the land
  • Saddles offered a wide range of motion.
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17
Q

What decisions did the Mongols give cities they conquered?

A

unconditional surrender or face Total War (kill everyone)

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18
Q

What stopped while the Mongols rampaged?

A
  • Trade, travel, exchange, etc.
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19
Q

When did the Mongols’ Empire settle?

A

After Chinggis Khan’s death

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20
Q

What did the Mongols’ restore

A

The Silk Road, inspiring trade & travel, supporting innovation, sharing ideas and technology, promoting pluralism (the practice of different religions), and many converted to Islam, bringing some shared culture and unity.​ They became very Cosmopolitan.

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21
Q

What territory did the Mongols’ control

A

China to modern-day Hungary

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22
Q

What was Tengrism?

A

A Mongol religion and tied specifically to Mongol land.

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23
Q

What were women in the Mongolian world exclusively responsible for?

A

The household, business people, warriors, shamans, and were often sought as advisors by generals and Khans

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24
Q

Who was Khutulun (1260-1306)

A

The great-granddaughter of Chinggis Khan and served as a warrior and commander in the Mongol army.

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25
Q

Who was Khutulun’s father?

A

Kaidu, who was the ruler of the Chagatai Khanate.​

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26
Q

What did the revitalized Silk Road facilitate?

A

Trade and communication from Beijing to the Mediterranean.

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27
Q

What was Marco Polo’s life span?

A

(1254 – 1324 CE)​

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28
Q

When did Marco Polo departed with his father and uncle?

A

in 1271 CE at age 17

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29
Q

Did Marco Polo bring back the pool game or pasta?

A

No

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30
Q

What was Marco Polo’s greatest contribution?

A

Inspiration. (he inspired Christopher Columbus)

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31
Q

What was the Black Death/Plague a result of?

A

Climate Change and Cosmopolitanism

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32
Q

When was the famine in Europe?

A

1315-1322 CE

33
Q

When did the Plague appear?

A

1347 CE

34
Q

The Plague/Black Death was called…

A

The Pestilence

35
Q

What were the heavy plague years?

A

1348-1350 CE

36
Q

Where did the Black Death/the Plague affect?

A

The majority of Poland and Bohemia (Czech Republic)

37
Q

How many people did the 1st wave of plague kill?

A

Between 75-200 million; wiped out between 44-55% of the population

38
Q

What did the European think caused the Black Death/the Plague?

A

Miasma (Bad Air), Sin, Jews

39
Q

What is another name for the Renaissance?

A

the Rebirth

40
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

a name given to an age in Europe roughly between the late 14th and 17th centuries in a time period between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Enlightenment period. ​

41
Q

Where did the Renaissance begin?

A

Florence, Italy

42
Q

Where were the ideas and models from the Renaissance derived from?

A

The classical world (Greece, Rome, Egypt) as well as the Medieval Islamic World (especially for Architecture, Science and Philosophy) and China. ​

43
Q

What was Humanism?

A

The name of the intellectual movement of the Renaissance. It was largely the study of the classical works and the arts and sciences but focused on the works of humans as opposed to focusing exclusively on religion.​

44
Q

What did Renaissance Humanism have an impact on?

A

Enlightenment

45
Q

The Renaissance was a time of change for _____and ______.

A

art; culture

46
Q

The Italian and European societies adopted classical elements from the _______and _______.

A

Greeks; Romans

47
Q

Italian citites in the post-plague world were________and ________

A

wealthy;cosmospolitan

48
Q

Was Italy a series of Republics?

A

Yes

49
Q

Did the Italians trade with the Ottomans?

A

Yes

50
Q

In Chinese History rulers governed by…

A

Mandate of Heaven and divine right

51
Q

Who was Confucius (551-479 BCE)​

A
  • Focused on eithics and politics and fufilling your role in service
  • Reverence of the son to the father (filial piety)
  • combined Mandate of Heaven and filial piety
  • promoted the studying of texts
52
Q

Who established the Yuan Dynasty?

A

Kublai Khan

53
Q

Who adopted the Mandate of Heaven in 1271 CE?

A

Kublai Khan

54
Q

Until when did the Mongol Yuan Dynasty last?

A

1368 CE

55
Q

Who reclaimed rule for China and established the Ming Dynasty?

A

Zhu Yuanzhang (later Hongwu)

56
Q

When did the Ming Dynasty last?

A

1368 – 1644 CE

57
Q

Did Hongwu continue the Mongols’ cosmopolitanism?

A

No

58
Q

The Ming implemented a new form of ________

A

Confucianism

59
Q

In 1402 CE, the Hongwu’s son, the Yongle Emperor assumed the throne and made what changes?

A

He moved the capital back to Beijing and eventually built the Forbidden City​

60
Q

What is a eunuch?

A

a man who has been castrated or emasculated.​

61
Q

Zheng He (1371-1433 CE)

A
  • great mariners
  • chinese eunuch
  • father was part of the Mongol Empire
  • was a devout muslim
62
Q

The GWT is a perfect storm that came about as a result of a number of different…

A

Events, ideas, decisions, and orientations

63
Q

Key Chinese Inventions

A
  • Gunpowder-> rifles and bullets
  • The Compass->cartography and exploration
  • Printing and Movable Type->maps and books
  • The Civil Service Exam->best and brightest
64
Q

Why are Creation stories and Origin stories important?

A

For the insight they provide into different civilizations, people, and societies and their perceptions of themselves and waht they want to project to others.

65
Q

Other than China, who made gunpowder?

A

Ottomans, The Safavids, and the Mughals

66
Q

Why is Timur important?

A

He established a link between the Muslim rulers in India and the Mongol Empire which would later aid what became known as the Mughal Empire in the 16th century.​

67
Q

Who founded the Mugal Empire?

A

ZAHIR AL-DIN MUHAMMAD (BABUR)

68
Q

Who was Timur the Great’s grandson?

A

ZAHIR AL-DIN MUHAMMAD (BABUR)

69
Q

Who wrote about ZAHIR AL-DIN MUHAMMAD (BABUR)’s life?

A

ZAHIR AL-DIN MUHAMMAD (BABUR)

70
Q

What is a commodity?

A

Typically a raw material or agricultural product that has value

71
Q

What primary spices were mostly traded?

A

Salt and pepper

72
Q

One of the big commodities was…

A

Nutmeg

73
Q

Is Silver a commodity?

A

Yes

74
Q

What unintended consequences did commodities have?

A

continue to increase leading to the rise and fall of empires as well as the destruction of people, civilizations, ways of life along with the rise of other empires, peoples and fortunes. ​

75
Q

Is slavery a product of a perfect storm?

A

Yes

76
Q

How do you become a slave in the ancient world?

A
  • War
  • Crime
  • Kidnapped and sold by pirates
  • Indentured Servitude
  • Debt
77
Q

What did the Crusades bring?

A

the Northern and Western Europeans into contact with the African and Islamic Worlds and along with the religious issues that continue to be a problem, the Europeans were reintroduced to the slave trade.​

78
Q

What did Indentured Servitude allow?

A

a person, either for debt or a business venture (i.e. to make money), could sell themselves as an indentured servant in exchange for something.​

History Midterm (5 decks)

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