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Promotion of wellness > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Public health nursing

A

The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences.

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2
Q

Core Functions of Public Health

A

● Assessment
● Assurance
● Policy development

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3
Q

Primary prevention

A

aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs.
● education about healthy and safe habits
● Immunization
● legislation and enforcement to ban or control the use of hazardous products (e.g. asbestos) or to mandate safe and healthy practices

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4
Q

Secondary prevention

A

aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress, encouraging personal strategies to prevent reinjury or recurrence, and implementing programs to return people to their original health and function to prevent long-term problems

● regular exams and screening tests to detect disease
● daily, low-dose aspirins and/or diet and exercise programs to prevent further heart attacks or strokes
● Suitably modified work so injured or ill workers can return

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5
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

-aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects.helping people manage long-term, often-complex health problems and injuries (e.g. chronic diseases, permanent impairments) in order to improve as much as possible their ability to function, their quality of life and their life expectancy.
● cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs
● support groups
● vocational rehabilitation programs

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6
Q

Epidemiology

A

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

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7
Q

Incidence of disease

A

the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease

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8
Q

Host

A
  • behavior
  • Customs
  • culture
  • age
  • gender
  • race
  • ethnicity
  • occupation
  • Heredity
  • defense mechanisms
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9
Q

Agent

A 
Agent
biologic
nutrient
chemical
physical
mechanical
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10
Q

Environment

A

physical
social
economic
biologic

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11
Q

Public Health Nursing vs Regular Nursing

A
  1. The client is the population
  2. Obligation: the greatest good for the greatest # of people as a whole
  3. Working with the client as an equal partner
  4. Primary prevention is priority in selecting appropriate activities.
  5. Strategies that create healthy environmental, social, economic conditions in which populations may thrive.
  6. Identify and reach out to all who might benefit from a service
  7. Optimal use of resources to assure best overall improvement in health of population
  8. Collaboration with other professionals, organizations
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12
Q

Assessment of PBH

A

Review of concerns, strengths, expectations of population

-Guided by epidemiological methods and the nursing process

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13
Q

Assurance of PBH

A

Quality/Accessibility/Effectiveness/Acceptability/Availability
-Accomplished through:
Regulation
-Advocating for other healthcare professionals
Coordinating community services/direct provision

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14
Q

Policy development of PBH

A

According to

  • Results of Assessment
  • Priorities set by the population
  • Consideration of sub-population and communities at risk
  • Evidence on effectiveness o
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15
Q

Synthesis of knowledge

A

Nursing Science
Social Science
Public Health Science

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16
Q

Revolutions in Public Health

A
  1. Sanitary Conditions
  2. Health Behavior of the Individual
  3. Forces and Influences that make people Healthy.
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17
Q

Epi
Demos
Logos

A

On or upon
People
The study of

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18
Q

Epidemiology assumes

A

illness does not occur randomly in a population but when the right accumulation of risk factors or determinants exists.

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19
Q

Descriptive Epidemiology

A 
•Focuses on the distribution of frequencies and patterns of health events with groups in a population, according to:
◦Who 
◦Where
◦When
◦What
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20
Q

Analytic Epidemiology

A

Seeks to identify associations between a particular disease or health problem and its etiology, directed toward finding answers to:
◦How
◦Why

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21
Q

Epidemiologist’s focus:

A

◦Identifying the exposure or source that caused the illness (dis-ease)
◦The number of other persons who may have been similarly exposed
◦The potential for further spread in the community
◦Interventions to prevent additional cases or recurrences

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22
Q

suggested environmental and host factors such as behaviors might influence the development of disease

A

Hippocrates (circa 400 BC)

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23
Q

John Graunt 1662

A

◦male-female disparities
◦high infant mortality
◦urban-rural differences
◦seasonal variations

24
Q

William Farr

A

• father of modern vital statistics and disease surveillance

25
Q

John Snow

A

•Father of epidemiology

Identified the Broad Street water pump as the primary source of cholera

26
Q

1900’s epidemiologists

A
  • extended methods to noninfectious diseases

- ww2 research methods and theoretical underpinnings

27
Q

Biostatistics

A

the use of statistics procedures and analysis in the study and practice of biology
-used to quantify disease in public health practice

28
Q

Prevalence rate

A

Current cases

29
Q

Specific death rate

A

Deaths in subgroup

30
Q

Period of Prepathogenesis

A

The preliminary interaction of potential agent, host, and environmental factors in disease production

31
Q

Period of Pathogenesis

A

The course of a disorder in humans from the first interaction with disease-provoking stimuli to the changes in form and function which result, or until equilibrium is reached or recover, defect, disability, or death ensues; the natural course of the disorder

32
Q

Three levels of practice

A

Community
Systems
Individual / family

33
Q

Race

A

Social classification of people based on physical or biological characteristics

34
Q

Ethnicity

A

Groups sharing a common identity based on:

  • Culture
  • Ancestry
  • Language
  • Religion
  • Beliefs
35
Q

Racism

A

The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

36
Q

Sexism

A

The belief in the inherent superiority of one sex over the other and thereby the right to dominance.

37
Q

Homophobia

A

fear or hatred of, aversion to or prejudice and/ or discrimination against people who are homosexial

38
Q

Gender stereotyp

A

Fixed and overgeneralized attitudes, behaviors considered normal/ appropriate for individual of a particular culture based one

39
Q

Culture

A

Groups of people with common beliefs, values and assumptions about life

  • Transmitted intergenerational
  • Includes patterns of human behavior: communication styles/ actions/ customs
40
Q

Culture affects

A

Communication
Attitudes and beliefs
Parenting and child-rearing
View of the world

41
Q

Stereotyping

A

Preconceptions and stereotypes function as negative lenses. How people perceive others who look, think, or behave differently.

42
Q

Cultural competence continuum

A 
Cultural destructiveness
Cultural incapacity
cultural blindness
cultural pre-competence
cultural competence
cultural proficiency
43
Q

Case management

A

A collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation, and advocacy for options and services to meet individual’s and family’s comprehensive health needs through communication and available resources to promote quality cost-effective outcomes.

44
Q

Case Manager Role Functions

A

Assessment
Planning
Facilitation
Advocacy

45
Q

Case manager assessment

A

Gather comprehensive data from client, family/friends (informal caregivers) and providers (formal caregivers)
Focus on health behaviors, cultural influences, beliefs and value systems.
Identify potential obstacles and strengths

46
Q

Planning case manager

A

Develop evidence-based plan of care
Engage the client and family (caregiver)
Develop emergency (“backup”) plan
Observe for changes and modify plan of care as indicated.

47
Q

Facilitation case manager

A

Strive for positive client outcomes through:
Coordination, communication, and collaboration with clients/families, providers, and payers.
Problem-solving skills & techniques are crucial.
Continuous client/family education

48
Q

Advocacy case manager

A

Acknowledge client’s right to self-determination.
Client education to promote self-advocacy
Assist client/family to establish alternatives
Create balance between client/family needs and scarce healthcare resources.

49
Q

Geriatric Case Management

A

A series of steps taken by a geriatric care manager (GCM) to help solve older people’s problems.

  • Case management service to promote the older person’s quality of life.
  • Provide support to families of older individuals.
50
Q

Goals of Geriatric Case Management

A
  • Avoid costly institutional placement
  • Preventive Health Maintenance
  • Remain safe in the community
  • Assist from geriatric care managers to navigate the fragmented and complex health care system and other senior services.
51
Q

Older adults suffer from at least one chronic condition

A

diabetes, Osteoarthritis, CHF, HTN, Pulmonary disease.

52
Q

Sexuality

A

Inappropriate behaviors may have valid reasons (need to urinate, UTI, confuse formal caregiver with a spouse)

53
Q

Geriatric Care Manager Challenges Interventions

A

Maintain healthy boundaries with clients/families
Understand you are not able to eliminate another person’s pain
Acknowledge your emotions and feelings
Care for yourself

54
Q

Community engagement

A

Collaborative process with groups of people working together to address issues affecting their well-being

55
Q

Models of Community Engagement

A
  • Asset Based Community Development (ABCD)
  • Association for Community Health Improvement
  • Cultural Complementarity

Promotion of wellness (1 decks)

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