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Envi science > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Agriculture

A

The growing, breeding, and caring for plants and animals for a variety of purposes

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2
Q

Ecology

A

Study of how living things react with each other and their non-living environment

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3
Q

Tragedy of the Commons

A

Conflict between the short term interests of individuals and the long term interests of a society

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4
Q

Loss of Biodiversity

A

Declining numbers of a species in an area

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5
Q

Environmental Science

A

A field of study involving physical, biological, and social studies

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6
Q

Supply and Demand

A

Law describing the relationship between an items value and availability

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7
Q

Developed Nation

A

Characterized by a low population growth, high life expectancy, and diverse industrial economies

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8
Q

Developing Nation

A

Characterized by a high population growth, low energy use, and very low personal wealth

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9
Q

Sustainability

A

A state at which the human population can survive indefinitely

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10
Q

Renewable Resource

A

Natural material that can be renewed relatively quickly through natural processes

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11
Q

Which type of county has a bigger ecological footprint?

A

Developed Nations

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12
Q

What is an ecological footprint?

A

The amount of land and ocean needed to supply one person

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13
Q

What influences how big your ecological footprint is?

A

Land taken up for crops, land taken by housing, and forest area that absorbs pollution

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14
Q

Cost benefit analysis

A

The cost of an action versus the benefits a person wishes to receive

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15
Q

What percent of the world is developed nations?

A

20%

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16
Q

How much food do developed nations take?

A

75%

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17
Q

How did hunter gatherer alter the environment?

A

Burning down the prairies to keep grassland, introduced new plants to areas, and over hunted large animals

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18
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The discovery of machines and fossils fuels in America

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19
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

The discovery of cross breeding plants and modern day farming

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20
Q

Control Group

A

In an experiment the group that does not receive the experimental treatment

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21
Q

Prediction

A

A logical statement about what will happen in an experiment

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22
Q

Physical Model

A

A 3D model you can touch

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23
Q

Risk

A

The probability of an unwanted outcome and the severity of that outcome

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24
Q

Conceptual Model

A

A verbal or graphical model that explains how a system works or is organized

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25
Q

Value

A

Principles or standards considered to be important

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26
Q

Experiment

A

Procedure designed to test a hypothesis

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27
Q

Statistics

A

Collection and classification of data

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28
Q

Data

A

Information gathered during and experiment

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29
Q

When they can’t test their hypothesis scientists

A

Examine correlations

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30
Q

A good experiment should have

A

A control and only test one variable

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31
Q

The experimental method’s steps are

A 
Observe
Hypothesize
Predict
Experiment 
Communicate Results
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32
Q

A good hypothesis

A

makes logical sense
is a testable explanation of an observation
follows what you already know

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33
Q

A key habit of mind is

A

Imagination

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34
Q

A road map is a

A

graphical model

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35
Q

Statistic help us

A

Compare data and analyze data

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36
Q

The population of a scientific experiment should be

A

able to reflect an unwanted outcome
give an accurate estimate for the whole population
closely resemble the system they represent

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37
Q

When making an environmental decision you are making a

A

Scientific value

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38
Q

Decision making model steps:

A

Gather information
Consider Values
Explore Consequences
Make a decision

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39
Q

Distribution

A

The relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population, usually shown by a graph

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40
Q

Thermocline

A

The boundary between warm and cold water in oceans or lakes

41
Q

Tectonic Plates

A

The pieces that compose the lithosphere

42
Q

Volcano

A

A mountain built from magma

43
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of energy through space

44
Q

Surface Currents

A

Water movements driven by wind in the ocean

45
Q

Mantle

A

The layer of the earth between the crust and the core

46
Q

Ozone

A

A molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. Blocks U.V. light protecting life

47
Q

Tributaries

A

Smaller streams or river that flow into bigger ones

48
Q

Salinity

A

The amount of salt in the oceans

49
Q

Fault

A

A break in the Earth’s crust

50
Q

Atmosphere

A

The part of the Earth that contains the air we breathe

51
Q

Crust

A

The thin outermost layer of the Earth

52
Q

What is the Richter Scale

A

The scale that shows the magnitude of Earthquakes

53
Q

Volcanoes occur at tectonic plates that are

A

Colliding and slipping past each other

54
Q

Erosion

A

The removal and transport of surface material by wind and water

55
Q

List the Atmospheric Layers

A 
Troposphere 
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere 
Exosphere
56
Q

Carbon dioxide is

A

a important greenhouse gas

57
Q

what is the most abundant gas on Earth

A

Nitrogen

58
Q

List the zones of the ocean

A

Surface zone
Thermocline
Deep zone

59
Q

What is the warmest ocean zone

A

the surface zone

60
Q

The ocean does what for the Earth

A

Regulates the Earth’s temperature

61
Q

List the physical layers of the Earth

A 
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
62
Q

What are the four parts of Earth’s system

A

Biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere

63
Q

Biosphere

A

The narrow layer of the earth that contains life sustaining conditions

64
Q

Convection

A

the transfer of heat through water and air currents

65
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All the water near the Earth’s surface

66
Q

Geosphere

A

The rock layer of the Earth. The crust and below

67
Q

Greenhouse affect

A

Heat hits the green house gases and they trap the heat. This causes the Earth to heat up

68
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outermost layer that contains the crust tectonic plates

69
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The upper part if the Earth’s mantle. Convection currents occur hear allowing the tectonic plates to move on it.

70
Q

Mesosphere

A

The lower part of the mantle

71
Q

Outer Core

A

The liquid layer of the core. Made up of nickel and iron

72
Q

Inner core

A

The solid layer of the core due to pressure. Made up of nickel and iron

73
Q

Angiosperm

A

A plant with flowers

74
Q

4 Kingdoms of life

A

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista

75
Q

3 Domains of life

A

Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya

76
Q

Why do animals depend on angiosperms

A

Food

77
Q

What do Bacteria and Fungi do for the environment

A

Break down dead organisms

78
Q

What parts of the kingdom and domain of life have cell walls

A

Fungi, Plantae, and Bacteria

79
Q

Who doesn’t have a nucleus

A

Bacteria

80
Q

Angiosperms need animals

A

to pollinate them

81
Q

Organism

A

An individual living thing

82
Q

Community

A

A group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other

83
Q

Biotic Factor

A

Living things or once living part of the ecosystem

84
Q

Ecosystem

A

All of the organisms living in an area and their physical environment

85
Q

Evolution

A

the change in genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next

86
Q

Population

A

All of the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time

87
Q

Abiotic Factor

A

The nonliving part of an ecosystem

88
Q

Resistance

A

Ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it

89
Q

Species

A

Group of organisms that are closely related that can mate to produce fertile offspring

90
Q

Consumer

A

An organisms that eats other animals for energy

91
Q

Food Web

A

A diagram showing the many feeding relationships that are in an ecosystem

92
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process in which energy from the sun is used by plants to make sugar molecules

93
Q

Energy Period

A

Shows the loss of energy from one trophic layer to another

94
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

Stored carbon from plants and animals that died millions of years ago

95
Q

Producers

A

Organisms that make their own food

96
Q

Old field succession

A

secondary succession that occurs in a field

97
Q

Algal Bloom

A

The result of excessive use of fertilizers

98
Q

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

A

organisms that transform atmospheric nitrogen into useable nitrogen compounds

99
Q

Food Chain

A

Transfer of energy from one organisms to another

Envi science (8 decks)

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