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Psych 178 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Person as a Machine

A

No choice in action (we do what worked in the past), Behavior determined by forces acting outside awareness, behaviors are fixed responses to the environment, push toward equilibrium

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2
Q

Ethology

A

Interested in the adaptive significance of behavior, tend to look at unlearned behavior or stereotyped behaviors

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3
Q

Lorenz and Tinbergen

A

Central figures in the field of Ethology, came up with the lock and key metaphor.

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4
Q

Lock and Key Metaphor

A

Responses build up if they are not released for a long time

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5
Q

Classical Fitness Theory

A

Survival of the fittest, we repeat things because they worked in the past

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6
Q

Inclusive Fitness Theory

A

Goal is the survival of one’s genetic line, you can decrease personal fitness for the good of the family

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7
Q

Drive Theory

A

Motivation= Drive x Incentive x Habit. Can tell you what best satisfies their needs (equilibrium) and can tell you how fast they will do it

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8
Q

Drive

A

How motivated the person is

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9
Q

Incentive

A

How appealing the reward is

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10
Q

Habit

A

Typical behavioral pattern

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11
Q

Multiplicative

A

Graph is divergent and not parallel

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12
Q

Additive

A

Graph of parallel

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13
Q

Approach Approach

A

Choice between 2 positive alternatives, easy to resolve

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14
Q

Avoidance Avoidance

A

Choice between 2 negative alternatives, difficult to resolve

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15
Q

Approach Avoidance

A

The same object has both negative and positive characteristics, difficult to resolve, may often get a partial approach to the goal and a vacillation ambivalent

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16
Q

Displacement

A

Directing actions to a different goal, rather than the original goal

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17
Q

Field Theory

A

Behavior is determined by the life field as it exists at a moment in time, immediate present forces

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18
Q

Equation of Lewin field theory

A

t (tension or drive) x g (the goal object or incentive) / e (Distance, psychological or physical)

19
Q

Dynamic Properties of the Environment

A

Valence and force

20
Q

Structural Properties of the Environment

A

Regions, boundaries, adjacencies

21
Q

Dynamic Properties of Person

A

Tension

22
Q

Structural Properties of Person

A

Regions, Boundaries, Adjacencies

23
Q

Tension

A

When a need exists in a region it is in a state of tension

24
Q

Adjacencies

A

Can be seen as having similar potential needs

25
Q

Dynamic Communication

A

When tension is in a region it tries to change itself so that it becomes equal in tension

26
Q

Regions

A

Spaces through which you go to reach a goal

27
Q

Boundaries

A

Determine the space of free movement

28
Q

Valence

A

The pull towards the object that is desired, directly correlated to intensity of want and the distance

29
Q

Conflict

A

When there are overlapping forces competing with one another

30
Q

Fritz Heider

A

Came up with balance theory

31
Q

Balance Theory

A

Odd number of + = consistency

32
Q

Inconsistency

A

Uncomfortable and subject to change back to homeostasis

33
Q

Altruism

A

Helping someone without getting anything in return

34
Q

Reciprocal Altruism

A

Helping someone because if you need help they well be there for you

35
Q

Main Effect

A

Effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable

36
Q

Pooled Drives

A

Instead of drive being put in one place it is pent up energy that can be displaced on other things

37
Q

Catharsis

A

Relief from strong emotions

38
Q

Hydraulic Metaphor

A

Emotions are like water moving through a pipe they can build up in certain areas waiting to be released

39
Q

Proximal

A

They influence actions at a particular time such as hormones or the enviornment

40
Q

Distal

A

Ultimate determinate of behavior, function of the behavior in it’s larger evolutionary context

41
Q

Hedonism

A

We are trying to maximize our pleasure not maintain homeostasis

42
Q

Latency

A

How long it takes before a person begins the behavior

43
Q

Persistence

A

The length of time the person stays doing the activity

Psych 178 (2 decks)

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