Midterm

Question 1

What is a producer? List several examples of producers

Answer 1

Organisms that makes their own food – plants, trees, grasses

Question 2

What is a consumer? Define the 4 types of consumers with examples of each.

Answer 2

Organism that can NOT make its own food
Herbivore – only eat producers
Omnivore – eat both plants and animals
Carnivore – only eats meat
Scavenger – feeds off the bodies of dead organisms

Question 3

What is a decomposer? Examples. Why are decomposers important in an ecosystem?

Answer 3

• Organisms that break down dead organism and return nutrients back into the soil.
• Fungi (mushrooms) and Bacteria
• Decomposers recycle vital nutrients used by plants and animals

Question 4

What is the main source of energy in an ecosystem?

Answer 4

The Sun

Question 5

Label each level of the energy pyramid and indicate where the MOST energy is located and
where the LEAST energy is available.

Answer 5

As you move up the energy 
pyramid, there is less available 
energy because the energy is 
converted to heat.
Producer - 1,000 kcal 
MOST ENERGY 
 Primary Consumer - 100 kcal 
Secondary Consumer - 10 kcal 
Tertiary consumer - 1 kcal - LEAST ENERGY

Question 6

Predict what might happen to the
ecosystem if the spiders contracted a deadly
virus.

Answer 6

If the spiders died, then there will be 
more herbivorous insects eating grass, 
therefore decreasing the number of 
grasses. Animals who eat spiders may 
also decrease since their food supply is 
decreasing, or move to another area 
where there is more food.

Question 7

List two abiotic factors in an environment

Answer 7

A. water

B. oxygen

Question 8

List two biotic factors in an environment:

Answer 8

A. animals

B. plants

Question 9

What is a population?

Answer 9

Group of organisms that are the same species

Question 10

What is a community?

Answer 10

Several different populations living together

Question 11

Give two examples of microhabitats

Answer 11

A. insects living under a fallen log

B. a puddle of water

Question 12

Explain the difference between Primary succession and Secondary succession.

Answer 12

Primary succession is the series of changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem
previously existed.
Secondary succession is the series of changes that occur after a disturbance in an
existing ecosystem

Question 13

Why are lichens and mosses a vital part of ecological succession?

Answer 13

They turn rocks into soil by acids in their roots

Question 14

What are the stages of ecological succession?

Answer 14

1 - (no soil) rock
2 - ____Pioneer Species (lichens and mosses) ______________
3 - soil is formed
4 - ___weeds and insects________________
5 - ___grasses and wild flowers__________
6 - ___small bushes and shrubs_______________
7 - ____trees_____________________
8 - Climax Community

Question 15

The greater a habitat’s biodiversity, the greater the habitats ______________?

Answer 15

Sustainability

Question 16

Why is it important for an ecosystem to have a large biodiversity?

Answer 16

The more biodiversity an environment, the more sustainable it is.

Question 17

Which part of the diagram represents pollutants introduced by humans?

Answer 17

Red powdered paint

Question 18

How does the pollution affect the surface and

ground water?

Answer 18

The polluted surface 
water can harm fish, animals, etc.. and the 
surface water can seep into our 
groundwater polluting humans drinking 
water

Question 19

What is the difference between point source and non-point source pollution? Give an
example of each.

Answer 19

A. Point Source Pollution - Direct - from a factory

B Non-Point Source Pollution - Indirect - fertilizer or car exhaust

Question 20

Smallest to biggest ecosystem, biome, organism, population, organ system, community, cell, organ, tissue

Answer 20

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome

Question 21

Name the process shown: 6CO2 + 6H2O —sunlight—-à C6H12O6 + 6O2

Answer 21

Photosynthesis

Question 22

What is formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 22

6CO2 + 6H2O —sunlight—-C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 23

The energy transformation is from __________ energy to ____________ energy

Answer 23

radiant to chemical

Question 24

Plants go through photosynthesis in order to produce a carbohydrate known as
__________ for food. Animals cannot go through photosynthesis because they lack __
_(which make the plant green)

Answer 24

glucose, chlorophyll (chloroplasts)

Question 25

Write the worded equation for respiration. (It is opposite of photosynthesis).

Answer 25

Glucose and Oxygen yields (makes) water and Carbon Dioxide

Question 26

What type of energy is found in food you eat and the food (glucose) that plants make?

Answer 26

Chemical

Question 27

What is a tropism?

Answer 27

a plant grows or turns in response to a stimulus in the environment

Question 28

What is it called when a plant responds to the stimulus of gravity?

Answer 28

geotropism

Question 29

If a seed lands upside down,describe how it’s roots and shoots will grow in response to gravity
and light.

Answer 29

The roots will grow down, and the plant will grow up

Question 30

A plant placed on the far side of the room begins to grow toward a window. Draw a picture
showing this, the specific tropism is _

Answer 30

phototropism

Question 31

What is turgor pressure? Draw a plant with turgor pressure and a plant without

Answer 31

amount of water pressure in plant cell vacuoles; too much water the cells can burst,
not enough water the plant will wilt

With turgor pressure: upright
Without turgor pressure: wilted

Question 32

What is an independent variable?

Answer 32

The variable changed, type of material

Question 33

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 33

The variable that is what you are measuring, total items recycled.

Question 34

What are control variables?

Answer 34

What stays the same, temp, type of seeds, amount of light…

Question 35

What is a descriptive investigation?

Answer 35

Observations made about an organism, substance, reaction, or biological process
Collect quantitative and/or qualitative data

Include the following parts of scientific inquiry
Observations
Scientific Question
Procedure
Data, Graphs, Analysis
Conclusion
Example: How does an amoebae move?

Question 36

What is an experimental investigation?

Answer 36

Comparing the effect of a variable on two or more groups
Includes all the parts of an experiment except the control group

Include the following parts of scientific inquiry
Observations
Scientific Question
Hypothesis
Procedure
Variables: Independent and Dependent
Data, Graphs, Analysis
Conclusion
Example: Which leaf A or B has a greater rate of transpiration?

Question 37

What is an experimental experiment?

Answer 37

In an experiment, an independent variable (the cause) is manipulated and the dependent variable (the effect) is measured; any extraneous variables are controlled.

Question 38

The SI Units are based on what number?

Answer 38

10

Question 39

The tool used to measure the temperature of a liquid would be a ____ and
the unit used would be _____

Answer 39

thermometer, Celsius

Question 40

The tool used to measure the mass of soil used when planting plants would be a ___________. The unit used would be ________. If the soil were in a dump
truck we would use ____ instead of grams.

Answer 40

balance or scale, grams (g), kilograms (kg)

Question 41

The tool used to accurately measure the volume of a liquid would be a _____. The curved line the liquid forms is the _____. The bottom of the curved line is what should be read and recorded. The units recorded would be _____

Answer 41

graduated cylinder, meniscus, milliliters (mL)

Question 42

When heating a hot liquid, a ________ would be used. A heat resistant ________ would be used to lift the beaker and ___ would be worn to protect the eyes.
To sense whether the liquid has an odor or not, we would ____ and make sure we heat the liquid in a well-ventilated area. (goggles, beaker, glove, waft)

Answer 42

beaker, glove, goggles, waft

Question 43

2. Be sure to know the structures and functions of the seven cell organelles. Which two
   organelles are only found in plants? ______

Answer 43

cell wall& chloroplast

Question 44

Animal cells are considered ___________ because they are more complex
while bacteria cells are small in size, unorganized and are classified as _____ .

Answer 44

eukaryotic, prokaryotic

Question 45

What are the three parts of cell theory?

Answer 45

A. All living things are made of cells
B. The cell is the basic unit of life (structure and function)
C. All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 46

What are the seven organelles, are they in p, a, or both? and what does each do, and what is an analogy for them?

Answer 46

A cell membrane-controls what comes in and out of a cell, in plants and animals, a thin layer around cell (its like a guard)
B cell wall- Rigid outer layer of a plant cell, in plants (like a brick wall)
C cytoplasm-jelly fluid where the organelles are found, holds them in place. in plants and animals (like jello)
D vacuole-stores food, water, wastes, and other materials (like vacuum bags)
E nucleus- contains DNA which controls the functions of the cell and production of proteins (like a control center, a brain)
F chloroplast- captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food in plant cells, only in plants (like a solar panel)
H mitochondria (ur fav) produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions (like a mighty powerhouse…i am a mitochondria…)