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Assessment > Midterm Easy > Flashcards

Midterm Easy Flashcards

1
Q

Frequency Polygon/histogram

A

Both ways to plot out test scores and frequency
X axis = scores
Y axis= number of people who get scores

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2
Q

T-Scores

A

this for some reason exists because people don’t like seeing negative numbers
In this scoring, the mean is always 50, and the SD is always 10
To get this score, multiply z score by ten and add 50

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3
Q

Negative Skew

A

Scores pile up on the high end
Mean < Median > Mode
(Questions too easy?)

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4
Q

Variability

A

The extend of individual differences around the central tendency
Range
Interquartile range
Standard Deviation

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5
Q

Likert scaling

A

Frequently used summative rating scale
Typically five response options on a continuum
1=strongly disagree, all the way to 5 =strongly agree,
Has a neutral

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6
Q

Norms

A

Understanding a person’s test scores in relation to others that have taken same test

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7
Q

Nominal

A

Replaces names with numbers
Names belong in one category
1=AA 2=White 3=Latinx etc
Used for purposes of identification

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8
Q

Cronbach’s coefficient alpha

A

Reliability test for internal consistency
For continuous responses
1=never 5=always
Forms of reliability are also considered internal consistency methods that attempt to estimate the reliability of all the possible split-half

individuals who are producing depressed scores should be responding to test items in a manner that indicates depression, and individuals who are producing scores that indicate they are not depressed should be responding to test items in a manner that do not indicate depression.

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9
Q

Interval

A

Equal intervals between each number
No absolute zero
Used for identity, rank, equality of units
Fahrenheit/Celsius degrees, same number means different thing

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10
Q

Content validity

A 
Adequacy of representation of content
Is everything included? 
Is anything missing?
Under represented
Irrelevant
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11
Q

Validity

A

Agreement btw test score and quality it is believed to measure.
Does the test assess what it is supposed to?
Provide proof for verification of validity
To a degree, not a yes or no

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12
Q

Paired comparison

A

Pairs of stimuli
Select one based on a rule
Which word appeals more? This or that

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13
Q

Where did assessments originate?

A

China, to place civil servants

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14
Q

Semantic differential

A

Anchors either side of continuum
Contrast two extremes
Anxious__1_2-3 calm

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15
Q

woodworth

A

Created first objective assessment of personalities for troop placement

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16
Q

Types of validity evidence

A

Content
Criterion
Construct

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17
Q

Ratio

A

Same as interval scale but there is true zero

Annual income, number of arrests

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18
Q

Errors in Measurement

A

Test construction
Test administration
Test taker
Examiner

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19
Q

Convergent validity

A

His correlation btw test and criterion thought to measure same thing
Correlates high with other tests going for the same thing
Has this and discrimination, test has construct validity

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20
Q

True score

A

Hypothetical score including errors of measurement

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21
Q

Gutmman

A

Response to categories
The one where the stronger item is selected out of a list of progressively stronger statements from weaker to strong, whichever level of statement you choose, all weaker statements are agreed to as well.

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22
Q

Test retest

A 
Reliability test
Test once, then again after time
States vs traits
States tend to change over time so use shorter interval
Traits stay stable so longer interval
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23
Q

Standard error of measurement

A

Tells us how much a score varies from the true score

Keep in mind the normal distribution with the middle 68% confidence

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24
Q

Predictive

A

Validity evidence
Scores used forecast for some future behavior
Aptitude tests
Get scores, then look for predictions at later point

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25
Q

Range

A

Subtract lowest score from highest

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26
Q

Criterion-Refereced

A

Test interpretation that compares scores with absolute score.
Driving test
Certification test
Mastery test

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27
Q

Construct validity

A

Theoretical or scientifically informed idea that describes or explains some behavior
Intelligence, self esteem, motivation depression

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28
Q

Binet

A

Created the Simon-Binet scale that eventually turns to the IQ test that we know
Test originally to assess higher mental processes by evaluating test takers task accomplishment

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29
Q

Coefficient of determination

A

Shows how much of variation in one measure is accounted for by knowing the value of the other measure
Used for validity
Squared the person r coefficient, gives us the percentage of relation between two assessments,

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30
Q

Internal Consistency

A

Reliability tests to see how items correlate with one another
How consistently are you responding to test items

31
Q

Decision theory

A

Predictive validity
How accurate is prediction?
Analyze quantitative effects of our decisions. test that select, certify or diagnose
Hit rate, miss rate, false positive, true negative
Affected by thresholds being set too high or too low

32
Q

Factor analysis

A

Validity
Procedures to identify the different factors looked at on a test, like a depression test might measure self esteem, happiness, etc
If the analysis is .3 and above, item contributes to construct

33
Q

Item difficulty

A

Proportion of ppl who get item correct
Range of 0-1, .6 is the sweet spot
Lower could be too hard
Higher could be too easy

34
Q

Standard Deviation

A

This shows how far above or below the mean a score is

Best for standard scores

35
Q

Item discrimination

A

Do items function as expected?
Do ppl who usually do well on tests wholly do well on this question?
Do the people who usually do poorly on Tess get it wrong?

36
Q

Other selected response item formats

A

Dichotomous
Polytomous
Q sorts
Constructed response items

37
Q

What are the Scales of Measure?

A

Nominal
Ordinal
Ratio
Interval

38
Q

Rating scales

A

Continuous
More or less of something
Pain scale 1-10

39
Q

Frequency Distribution

A

This is when we make a chart that details the scores and the frequency of students receiving that score

40
Q

Inter-scorer

A 
Reliability test 
Two independent examiners give a person the same test to see if the test results differ because of who gives the test
Used for projective assessments
How clear are the instructions?
Use cohen’s kappa coefficient 
Closer to 1, higher consistency observed
41
Q

Scaling

A

The way numbers are assigned to different amounts of a trait, attribute, or characteristic

42
Q

IDEIA

A 
Individuals with
Disabilities
Education
Improvement 
Act
Right to least restrictive environment
IEP
43
Q

Discriminate validity

A

Test has low correlation with other things it isn’t meant to measure
Having this and convergent validity means test has construct validity

44
Q

Criterion related evidence

A

For validity
Relationship btw test score and an external standard
Concurrent or predictive

45
Q

Kuder richardson 20

KR-20

A

Reliability test for internal consistency
For dichotomous responses
True/false

Kuder–Richardson forms of reliability are also considered internal consistency methods that attempt to estimate the reliability of all the possible split-half

individuals who are producing depressed scores should be responding to test items in a manner that indicates depression, and individuals who are producing scores that indicate they are not depressed should be responding to test items in a manner that do not indicate depression.

46
Q

Interquartile Range

A

Distribution of scores divided into 4 parts of 25% within each quarter

47
Q

Cattell

A

First mental test

48
Q

Yerkes

A

Created the Army Alpha and Beta tests which evaluated troops for placement.
Created test for literate and illiterate people

49
Q

Systematic error

A

Consistently impacts test scores either positively or negatively

50
Q

Types of Reliability

A 
Test retest
Alternate form
Split half
Internal consistency
Inter-scorer
51
Q

Class Interval

A

Used to create an understandable range/group
Rather than having one row for each individual score and frequency, create an interval.
So like record the frequency of scores that fit within the interval of 40-45 rather than
40
41
42
43
44
45

52
Q

Ordinal

A

Numbers are assigned to indicate a hierarchy. Used for identity and rank
Relative
Where one is in relation to someone else
Pain scale 1-10

53
Q

HIPAA

A 
Health 
Insurance
Portability and
Accountability
Act
Provide information to people about privacy rights 
Inform how info is used
54
Q

Face validity

A

Appearance that a measure has validity

Not based on true form of validity

55
Q

Terman

A

Evolved the Simon-Binet to the Standford_Binet, creating the first Intelligence Quotient Test

56
Q

Error of measurement

A

Difference btw person’s observed score and their true score

57
Q

Reliability

A

Quality of test scores

Sufficiently consistent and eliminates other extraneous factors in its results

58
Q

How does one calculate IQ?

A

Mental age divided by chronological age

59
Q

Scoring items

A

Cumulative/summative
Class,categor
Ipsative (point of reverence is client vs themselves, Intra individual)

60
Q

Reliability and validity relationship

A

Can’t have validity if there is no reliability

Test can be reliable but not valid

61
Q

ADA

A

Americans with
Disabilities
Act
Accommodations must be made for those with disabilities regarding testing for employment.
Testing must be relevant to job in question

62
Q

Galton

A

First Intelligence Test

Quantify Individual Differences

63
Q

Alternate form

A

Reliability test
Same content, different version of same test
Keep in mind not to make forms too different to avoid error

64
Q

Item analysis

A

Item difficulty index

Item discrimination index

65
Q

Z Score

A

Once you’ve found it, a score of 0 means that the raw score value falls at the mean.

66
Q

Concurrent

A 
Validity evidence
Simultaneous assessments
Use of other tests/assessments
Behavioral observations
Interviews
3rd party evaluators
Case history/record
67
Q

Normal Distribution

A

Bell shaped curve
Same mean, median, mode will show a bell curve
Distance of one SD either direction is 68% of sample
An additional 14% found within second SD either direction
2% fall within a SD plus or minus 3

68
Q

Norm-referenced

A

test interpretation that compares test takers to others

Personality, ability, achievement etc

69
Q

Positive Skew

A

Scores pile up on the low end
Mean> Median > Mode
(Questions too hard?)

70
Q

Split half

A

Reliability test
Take one test and split it in half
Do the spearman brown thing to make up for the length

71
Q

Quasi experimental and experimental

A 
Validity
Contrasted groups
Pre test/ post test
Groups naturally occur no manipulation from researcher
See if intervention had effe t
72
Q

Standard Scores

A

Expresses distance from mean in SD units

Mirrors normal distribution

73
Q

Characteristics of a criterion

A

Validity
Use other validated assessments to study validity of the test
External, realistic criterion relating to the topic of test
Relevant and valid indicator

74
Q

FERPA

A 
Family
Education
Rights and 
Privacy
Act
Ensures rights of privacy of student records and test scores.
Parents have rights til patient turns 18

Assessment (2 decks)

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