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CLUSTER 73B > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: According to Hacking, the classification of plutonium is an interactive kind

A

False

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2
Q

According to Carl Elliott, what are the factors that has contributed to an upsurge of mental disorder diagnoses?

1) the commercial interests of the ______ industry
2) the formation of support ______ by mental health patients
3) the ascendency of ______ as a way of understanding mental illness
4) the success of biomedicine in ______ mental illness

A

pharmaceutical, communities, biomedicine, treating

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3
Q

Nomy Arpaly discusses two ways in which she thinks mental states are distinct from biochemical ones. They are ______ and ______ ______

A

warrant, content-efficacy

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4
Q

Arpaly thinks bipolar disorder and diabetes are alike in the following ways:

1) they can’t be ______ away
2) they aren’t something to be ______ of
3) ______ work

A

wished, ashamed, drugs

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5
Q

Hacking does not consider ______ ______ as a “transient” mental illness

A

visual hallucinations

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6
Q

Hacking considers ______, ______, and ______ ______ ______ as “transient” mental illness

A

hysteria, anorexia, multiple personality disorder

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7
Q

An outcome of an audience member being moved to ______ is what Arpaly considers as “______-______” to an opera singer’s dramatic performance

A

tears, content-efficacious

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8
Q

T/F: Although it has been shown that the use of psycho-pharmaceutical drugs in the treatment of mental illness also increases the number of patients diagnosed with the disorders that these drugs treat, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulates who can receive such treatments, and what symptoms are legitimate so that pharmaceutical companies cannot exploit this phenomenon by reinforcing the existence of these diseases.

A

True

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9
Q

According to Elliott, one reason people who experience what has been historically diagnosed as a mental disorder resist medicalizing their condition is they argue their condition should not be seen as a ______ ______

A

medical problem

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10
Q

According to Klein’s podcast, children seeking asylum in ______ experienced ______ ______

A

Sweden, resignation syndrome

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11
Q

Hacking argues that interactive kinds exhibit ______ ______

A

looping effects

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12
Q

At Canton Asylum, Elizabeth Fairbault:

1) ______ and was ______
2) gave ______ to a child
3) her ______ wrote letters arguing for her releases
4) died in ______ circumstances

A

escaped, recaptured, birth, husband, mysterious

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13
Q

Martino and Lindsey agree ______ ______ studies and ______ studies are inextricably linked

A

critical animal, disabilities

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14
Q

T/F: The current state of Autism Spectrum Disorders research recommends individualized care to address the unique experiences and needs of people diagnosed with ASD

A

True

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15
Q

Martino and Lindsay advocate for studying the intersections of critical disability studies and critical animal studies to:

1) better understand multiple perspectives on ______
2) make space for non-normative ways of voicing ______ experiences
3) inform efforts in both fields to advocate for the “______”
4) better understand creative ways of ______ and ______ for rights

A

interdependence, lived, voiceless, mobilizing, advocating

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16
Q

According the Park, the most common pharmacological treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder are ______

A

antidepressants

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17
Q

According to Park, Autism Spectrum Disorder is typically first identified in the first ______ years of life

A

3

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18
Q

Two core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder are difficulty in ______ interactions and restrictive, ______ behaviors

A

social, repetitive

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19
Q

T/F: All cases of ASD have multiple gene defects that cause the disorder

A

True

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20
Q

According to Park, the ______ is the following is the most affected brain area of individuals with ASD

A

amygdala

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21
Q

Children with ASD have features that can include:

1) sensitivity to ______, ______, and ______
2) ______
3) a need for a ______ routine

A

sounds, textures, smells, hyperactivity, strict

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22
Q

According to the “Mind’s Machine” reading, these factors correlated with increased risk of schizophrenia:

1) living in a ______
2) being born to a ______ who is ______
3) having a ______ with schizophrenia

A

city, father, older, parent

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23
Q

These are considered “negative symptoms” of schizophrenia according to the “Mind’s Machine” reading:

1) slow ______ and ______
2) ______ and ______ withdrawel

A

thought, speech, emotional, social

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24
Q

______ ______ first named “autism” as a distinct diagnostic category

A

Leo Kanner

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25
Q

Larger ______ ______ in the brain have been linked to schizophrenia

A

lateral ventricles

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26
Q

Bernard Rimland did these to challenge the diagnostic power of independent psychiatrists:

1) sent out standardized ASD checklists to ______
2) formed the ______ ______ for ______ ______
3) published ______ on child autism

A

parents, National Society for Autistic Children, research

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27
Q

T/F: The author of “Autism from the Inside” believes that mindblindness is an issue that affects only neurodivergent individuals.

A

False

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28
Q

Older characterizations of autism include ______ and ______ ______

A

Aspergers, high functioning

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29
Q

In his article on “Autism Looping,” ______ shows that the rate of autism diagnosis is greatest in countries where ______ occurred ______

A

Eyal, deinstitutionalization, earlier

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30
Q

T/F: Early practitioners of Applied Behavior Analysis therapy included aversive conditioning in attempts to reduce unwanted behaviors

A

True

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31
Q

The onset of Schizophrenia is typically earlier in ______

A

males

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32
Q

The ______ can be overgrown in children w/ autism

A

amygdala

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33
Q

______ are four times more likely to be diagnosed w/ autism

A

boys

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34
Q

The ______-______ ______ states that people w/ ASD have ______ long-range connections between different brain regions and ______ connection between local brain regions

A

under-connectivity hypothesis, less, more

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35
Q

3 ways Bernard Rimland influenced the looping effect of Autism:

1) Destigmatizing autism in ______
2) involving ______ in diagnosis process
3) allowing ______ ______ in the parent network

A

research, parents, behavioral therapists

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36
Q

Negative symptoms are the classification of symptoms that impair ______ function of people w/ schizophrenia

A

daily

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37
Q

Positive symptoms are the classification of symptoms that refer to ______ sensations introduced by schizophrenia

A

new

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38
Q

______ receive a higher prevalence of schizophrenia diagnoses

A

boys

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39
Q

These are persistent symptoms of Schizophrenia:

1) delusions of ______
2) ______
3) disorganized ______ and/or ______
4) ______ symptoms

A

grandeur, hallucinations, speech, behavior, negative

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40
Q

Brain scans in individuals w/ schizophrenia show these structural abnormalities:

1) reduced ______ ______
2) larger ______
3) reduced activity in ______ ______ consistent w/ cognitive deficits

A

gray matter, ventricles, frontal lobe

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41
Q

______ ______ is the field of study of a radical exploration of disability that reclaims ______ for disabled folks to ______ themselves in research

A

Mad studies, agency, center

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42
Q

______ is the system that places value on people’s bodies and minds based on ______ constructed ideas of ______, ______, ______, and ______

A

ableism, socially, normalcy, intelligence, excellence, productivity

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43
Q

The DSM-5 was published in ______

A

2013

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44
Q

Martino and Lindsay give ______ ______ ______ and ______ ______/______ as examples of the “biopolitical weaponization of one species to advocate for another”

A

lone star ticks, red meat/cows

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45
Q

______ ______ was the only federal psychiatric hospital for ______ ______

A

Canton Asylum, American Indians

46
Q

The ______ ______ links the inverse relationship of prison occupancy and institutionalized mental health care capacity

A

Penrose Hypothesis

47
Q

______ has reportedly lower rates of ASD diagnoses compared to other wealthy contries

A

France

48
Q

______ in Italy is commended for their commitment to mental health care

A

Trieste

49
Q

JFK signed the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Health Centers Construction Act that lead to the ______ of mental heath care in ______

A

deinstitutionalization, 1963

50
Q

The “______ ______,” a term coined by ______, refers to the moving target of ______ based on ______

A

looping effect, Hacking, identity, classifcations

51
Q

______ ______ is a concept coined by ______ that refers to the ______ nature of interaction that is given ______ by an ______

A

content efficacy, Arpaly, subjective, meaning, observer

52
Q

______ refers to the inability to ______ or consider the internal thoughts of others

A

mindblindness, empthize

53
Q

______ vs ______ problems is an analogy by Arpaly to describe ways that mental illness is both a ______ and ______ ______ ailment

A

hardware vs software, physical, non-physical

54
Q

4 reasons Carl Elliot accounts for the “increase in mental illness:

1) proliferation of ______
2) ______ of biomedicine in treating mental illness
3) ______ from community building
4) direct to consumer pharmaceutical ______

A

biomedicine, success, destigmatization, advertising

55
Q

An interactive kind was developed by ______ and describes how people may change their ______ due to knowing their ______ and how we ______ w/ those classifications

A

Hacking, behavior, classification, interact

56
Q

An indifferent/natural kind was developed by ______ and describes how things like quarks, microbes, and plutonium don’t care about ______/______

A

Hacking, labels, classifications

57
Q

Classificatory looping describes the interaction between ______ and the ______ “kinds of people”; people change because of how they have been ______, how they ______ themselves, and how they have been ______

A

classifications, targeted, classified, understood, treated

58
Q

Biolooping describes how what you ______ can affect your ______ (ex: Stanford genetic risk experiment); but this is ______ classificatory looping because genes aren’t aware of your ______ of them (even if their expressions is affected)

A

think, biology, not, mindset

59
Q

Mental health can be both interactive and indifferent because:

1) indifferent –> condition doesn’t ______ even if we see ourselves differently
2) interactive –> ______ associated with the condition and how people’s ______ can be proven false based on actions

A

change, labels, interpretations

60
Q

The term “moving target” refers to how what you know about X changes because the ______ change

A

people

61
Q

Arpaly’s warrant refers to whether feeling an emotion is ______ or ______

ex: fear of tsunami in Oklahoma —> unwarranted

I’m angry at roommate for finishing cheerios —> warranted

A

right, wrong

62
Q

Arpaly’s desirability refers to is it ______ for you to think/feel this way; desirability depends on ______

ex: anxiety about grades
- not desirable
ex: anger at friend
- not desirable even if warranted

A

good, outcome

63
Q

Reason responsiveness adds an extra dimension accompanying ______-______; essentially is what I ______ affects how I ______

ex: - Ex: John and the bat
- not reasonable to be feeling bad about what he said when he was 6 about a bat
- not reason responsive
- ex: John killed a bat recently
- feels terrible about it
- might be reason responsiveness bc he feels bad

A

content-efficacy, believe, feel

64
Q

Moral imagination means to step outside of our own ______ of how people are like (similar to empathy)

A

idea

65
Q

Lack of moral imagination is to not take somebody’s ______ seriously; basically ______ somebody’s experiences

A

assertion, dismissing

66
Q

Roth identifies 3 events he correlates with deinstitutionalization:

1) hospital releases ______ by the advent of drug treatments
2) the reality of ______ ______ (vision: to avoid dehumanization of hospital life) was largely unregulated by states
3) LBJ ______ and ______ (benefits were paid to states – cheaper for states to discharge patients)

A

enabled, community care, medicare, medicaid

67
Q

Nixon’s ______ ______ ______ (crackdown on drug crimes made people w/ mental illness vulnerable to incarceration)

A

war on drugs

68
Q

Roth doubts closing asylums contributed to driving people with mental illness into jails and prisons because:

1) state-hopsital patients were mostly ______-______ or older and ______ (current incarcerated demographic is young, male and not white)
2) only about ______ with mental illness lived in psychiatric hospitals (more than half lived in communities, with family, or on own)

A

middle-aged, white, 1/3

69
Q

Insel emphasizes the “three p’s” of recovery:

1) ______
2) ______
3) ______

A

people, place, purpose

70
Q

By saying mental-sick system, Insel means it is designed to respond to ______ but not focused on ______ and ______

A

crisis, prevention, recovery

71
Q

Insel’s reasons give to account for “dire” outcomes despite effective treatments:

1) although ______ treatments work, they are rarely combined to provide ______ care
2) knowledge gap matching ______ to ______
3) challenge of ______ attitudes toward treatment

A

individual, comprehensive, treatments, individuals, negative

72
Q

The Trieste model for mental health care:

1) provides ______ support and ______ visits
2) takes a ______ approach: focusing on the ______ and their connections instead of the disorder

A

social, home, holistic, individual

73
Q

To Carr, “reification” is the process where the effects of ______ power and resources start to seem like ______, inevitable facts

A

political, objective

74
Q

Medicalization is is reification of medicine; focuses on individual’s condition as ______ of mental illness and ignores larger ______ problems

A

instances, social

75
Q

Carr’s notion of “got run over by a car syndrome” means to treat those suffering and ______ the guy running people over w/ car instead of blaming ______ mechanism

A

stop, biological

76
Q

Persons with disabilities include those who have ______-______ physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments which affects daily life

A

long-term

77
Q

Disability is defined in numerous ways depending on ______ is defining and for what ______

A

who, purpose

78
Q

Disability studies is thinking critically about disability and helping people ______ their society, relationships, families, and their own experiences and to make the ______ more accepting and accessible

A

understand, work

79
Q

Disability cannot be ______ from categories of race, gender, class, sexuality, and ableism

A

disconnected

80
Q

Mad studies challenges the ______ system and understandings; is the reclaiming of ______ that the community defines opposed to the bio-medical approach

A

psychiatric, identity

81
Q

An oral history is usually a version of history from somebody’s ______ ______

A

lived experience

82
Q

Social referencing refers to how infants read ______ ______ to help them make decisions; children with ASD typically ______ do this

A

facial expressions, don’t

83
Q

Critical animal studies and critical disability studies demonstrates:

1) 2 social groups through their ______, histories and forms of ______
2) parallels and paradoxes of (__)______ cross species borders w/ need for ______
3) urgency to acknowledge the ______ of humans, nonhumans, and our shared environment and lives

A

experiences, oppression, (de)valuation, control, interdepndence

84
Q

3 Reasons Eyal thinks institutionalization of “feeble-minded” children hindered the diagnosis of autism:

1) not enough ______ for patients = no basis for ______ or differentiating autism
2) ______ and ______ produced autistic like symptoms on massive scale
3) individual institutionalized not on basis of IQ but on if they were “______ ______” due to some form of mental deficiency

A

staff, observing, overpopulation, neglect, socially incapable

85
Q

Eyal claims the middle-class status of families whose children Kanner were originally diagnosed w/ autism was significant because it proved it wasn’t “______-______” because they didn’t “______” like it

A

feeble-mindedness, look

86
Q

Eyal claims the “coalition” between clinicians and parents helped pave the way for the increased diagnosis of autism because it ______ the relationship between the two (the parents were now more ______)

A

rearranged, involved

87
Q

Eyal says parents accept some of the blame for their child’s condition because:

1) there’s hope if there’s no ______ of deficiency in gene pool
2) remove stigma of organic defect & create identity as “______ ______”

A

stigma, autism parents

88
Q

May thinks Edward Said’s notion of “______ gaze” finds parallels in literature about autistic individuals written by and for ______ individuals

A

orientalist, neurotypical

89
Q

Orientalist gaze parallels in literature about autistic individuals:

1) a ______/______ attitude to look at subjective ______/______
2) behaviors are ______, but never understood
3) not a sincere dyadic connection; claims ______ we haven’t learned

A

european/neurotypical, other/autism, itemized, insight

90
Q

May says “double empathy problem” refers to challenging one-sided framing of ______

A

mindblindness

91
Q

Ortega and Choudhury say “neurological identities” refer to how in certain settings, people draw on ______ language to describe themselves; drawing on vocabulary or metaphors that imply equivalence between their ______-______ and the ______

A

neurological, self-concept, brain

92
Q

Autistic self-advocates use “brain talk” to forge a non-pathological identity and a community by:

1) avoiding ______ explanations
2) ______ the distinction between autistic and non-autistic populations
3) ______ the autistic identity for political ends

A

psychoanalytic, radicalize, homogenize

93
Q

Adolescents resist “brain talk” because:

1) to dispute ______ of violent, rude, impulsive, etc
2) challenge stereotypes by providing ______
3) embrace difference not for the group but as ______ – each person’s ______

A

stereotypes, counternarratives, individual, uniqueness

94
Q

______ have more diagnosis of schizophrenia in early adulthood

A

men

95
Q

______ have a higher rate of schizophrenia diagnosis later in life

A

women

96
Q

Cognitive symptoms refer to problems ______ and ______ on external information (ex: memory and concentration)

A

processing, acting

97
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia:

1) ______ disorder (disorganized, irrational thinking)
2) ______ (persecution, control, grandeur)
3) ______ (voices)

A

thought, delusions, hallucinations

98
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia:

1) ______ effect
2) poverty of ______
3) lack of ______
4) ______ withdrawal
4) inability to experience ______

A

flattened, speech, intiative, social, pleasure

99
Q

The “old psychoanalytic” account of schizophrenia looks at it as the patients w/ schizophrenia struggle with longing for ______ combined with a fear of ______; in addition, it followed the “______ ______” produced psychosis in her child through confusing mix of hope and rejection

A

intimacy, closeness, schizophrenogenic mother

100
Q

Luhrmann thinks schizophrenia might be more of a “syndrome” like diabetes than a single disease or disorder because:

1) the ______ medications did not work well
2) search for ______ explanation fell apart
3) ______ really matters

A

targeted, genetic, culture

101
Q

Three side-effects of anti-psychotic drug use:

1) ______ ______
2) significant ______ gain
3) risk of type 2 ______

A

tardive dyskinesia, weight, diabetes

102
Q

The bio-bio-bio model refers to biological ______ (brain lesion or disease), biological ______ (genes), and biological ______ (meds)

A

basis, causes, treatment

103
Q

Reasons why individuals in India might fare better:

1) ______ are more involved
2) don’t treat people w/ schizophrenia as if they have a ______-______ illness
3) ______ –> results in patients believing and expecting to get better

A

families, soul-destroying, deception

104
Q

African-Caribbean migrants in London have a higher rate of schizophrenia compared to others in their home country and white natives because:

1) they have no ______ in London
2) are ______
3) are ______
4) in an ______ environment
5) may be ______
6) ______ color

A

community, male, migrant, urban, poor, skin

105
Q

The recovery moment aims to move beyond “care as usual” by:

1) ______
2) ______
3) ______
4) ______

A

health, home, purpose, community

106
Q

Hearing Voices Movement (HVM) recommends the practice of supporting distressed individuals trying to understand the voice hearer’s frame of reference, supporting them to change their ______ with their voices, and promoting the valuable role of peer support for decreasing ______ isolation and ______ instead of pathologizing hearing voices

A

relationship, social, stigma

107
Q

5 key values of HVM:

1) the potential for hearing voices exists in all of ______
2) diverse explanations for voices are ______ and ______
3) voice-hearers are encouraged to take ownership of their ______
4) voice hearing can be understood and interpreted in context of ______ events and ______ narratives
5) process of ______ voices is generally regarded as more helpful than attempting to suppress or eliminate them

A

us, accepted, valued, experience, life, interpersonal, accepting

108
Q

The authors claim research on HVM must always involve participation and collaboration of experts by experience because it follows the principle of “______ ______ ______ ______ ______”

A

nothing about us without us

109
Q

The authors criticize the use of medicalized terms like AVH and delusions for certain experiences may evoke ______ because voice-hearers may perceive it as assuming the voices aren’t ______ and/or they are best explained in a ______ manner

A

resistance, real, biomedical

110
Q

“Sane in insane places” refers to how a Stanford researcher and others pretended to have ______ hallucinations, went to different psychiatric facilities, were ______ and displayed no symptoms while hospitalized; all but one received diagnoses of ______

A

auditory, neurotypical, schizophrenia

111
Q

“lack of insight” means clinicians believe the patient does not understand the ______ X the same as the ______

A

concept, clinicians

112
Q

Transient refers to culturally specific conditions (______ constructed because it is specific to ______ moments

A

socially, cultural

CLUSTER 73B (2 decks)

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