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Parasitology (Caileigh) > Midterm study > Flashcards

Midterm study Flashcards

1
Q

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus Species (Canine)

A 
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Family Canidae
Genus Canis
Species familiaris
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2
Q

5 Symbiotic relationships

A

Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Phoresis, Predator-Prey

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3
Q

Parasitiasis vs Parasitosis

A

Iasis- Not showing signs

Osis- Showing clinical signs

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4
Q

Acaricides

A

Compounds used to kill mites and ticks

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5
Q

Anthelmintics

A

Compounds used to kill roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, thorny-headed worms

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6
Q

Reservoir host for D. Immitus

A

Wolves

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7
Q

Intermediate host for D. Immitus

A

Mosquito

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8
Q

Heart worm Life cycle

A
  1. Mosquito sucks dogs blood
  2. Larvae mature within 5 in heart and b. vessels
  3. Microfilariae in blood
  4. Mosquitos injest microfilariae in dogs blood
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9
Q

Monogenetic trematodes (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Subclass)

A 
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Trematoda
Subclass Monogenea
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10
Q

What flukes (trematodes) are ectoparasites that parasitize fish, amphibians, and reptiles?

A

Monogenetic trematodes

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11
Q

Digenetic Flukes (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Subclass)

A 
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Class Trematoda
Subclass Digenea
(Stews head)
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12
Q

Which flukes (trematodes) infect both large and small animals seen in the vet clinic setting?

A

Digenetic Trematodes

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13
Q

Eucestodes (True tapeworms) (Kingdom, Phylum, and class)

A 
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Class Eucestoda
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14
Q

Platyhelminthes =

A

Flatworms

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15
Q

True tapeworms absorb nutrients through their ______.

A

Tegument (skin)

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16
Q

Pseudotapeworms =

A

Cotyloda

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17
Q

Cotyloda (Kingdom, Phylum, Class)

A

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Cotyloda

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18
Q

Nematodes (Kingdom, Phylum)

A

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Nematoda

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19
Q

The _______ are the largest group of helminths that parasitize domesticated animals.

A

Nematodes

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20
Q

Acanthocephalans possess a ___________ on their ______ end used as an organ of attachment.

A

Spiny proboscis, anterior

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21
Q

Arthropods are important in veterinary medicine for these four reasons:

A
  1. Serve as causal agents
  2. Intermediate hosts for some helminths and protozoans
  3. Serve as vectors for bacteria, viruses etc.
  4. May produce toxins and venomous substances
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22
Q

What is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom?

A

Arthropoda

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23
Q
  1. Protozoan parasite residing in reproductive tract of cattle.
A

Tritrichomonas

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24
Q
  1. Equine piroplasm – pear-shaped organisms that may join, giving the effect of a Maltese cross.
A

Babesia Equi

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25
Q

Three important flagellates

A

Giardia, Leishmania, and Histomonas

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26
Q

Three important Amoeba

A

Entamoebae Histolytica, Entamoebae Coli

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27
Q

Three important ciliates

A

Balantidium, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, B. coli

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28
Q

Four important Apicomplexans

A

Eimeria, Toxoplasma, Hepatazoon, Sarcocystis

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29
Q

Apicomplexan found in the RBCs of dogs and cattle

A

Babesia

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30
Q

Cystoisospora

A

Apicomplexan (coccidia) found in the small intestine of cats dogs and pigs

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31
Q

Eimeria sp.

A

Coccidia of ruminants (apicomplexan)

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32
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Apicomplexan found in the intestines of cats

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33
Q

Cytauxoon felis

A

apicomplexan found in RBCs of cat

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34
Q

Hepatazoan

A

Apicomplexan found in the WBCs of dogs

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35
Q

Prepuce in bulls

A

Tritrichomas fetus found in cattle

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36
Q

Hemoprotozoan of Central and South America with two forms: Trypomastigote and amastigote (zoonotic parasite).

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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37
Q

“Mutuals of cows”

A

Rumen ciliates

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38
Q

Antitrematodals

A

Praziquantel

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39
Q

Anticoccidials

A

Sulfadimethoxine

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40
Q

Antiprotozoals

A

Fenbendazole

Metronidazole

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41
Q

Prevention of giardia

A

Giardiavax

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42
Q

Heartworm preventatives

A

Ivermectin

Milbemycin

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43
Q

Anticestodals

A

Praziquantel

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44
Q

Dictyoptera

A

Cockroaches

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45
Q

Coleoptera

A

Beetles

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46
Q

Lepidoptera

A

Butterflies and Moths

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47
Q

Hymenoptera

A

Ants, bees, wasps

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48
Q

Hemiptera

A

True bugs

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49
Q

Mallophaga

A

Chewing/Biting lice (bigger head)

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50
Q

Anoplura

A

Sucking lice (smaller head)

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51
Q

Diptera

A

Two winged fly

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52
Q

Siphonoptera

A

Fleas

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53
Q

Cimex lecturlarius

A

Bed bug

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54
Q

Myiasis

A

infestation or infection with dipteran larvae or “maggots”

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55
Q

infestation with lice, either mallophagan or anopluran

A

Peduculosis

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56
Q

Posterior spiracular plate

A

Morphologic feature used to identify or speciate dipteran fly larvae

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57
Q

Reddish-black, pepper-like specks found with dog or cat’s haircoat—actually, dried flea feces

A

Flea Frass

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58
Q

Musca domestica

A

House fly

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59
Q

Ixodid ticks

A

Hard ticks

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60
Q

Dermacentor variabilis

A

American dog tick

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61
Q

Agasid

A

Soft ticks

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62
Q

Amblyomma americanum

A

Lone star tick

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63
Q

Otobius megnini

A

Spinose ear tick

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64
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus-

A

Brown dog tick

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65
Q

Boophilus annulatus*

A

Tick reportable to USDA- texas cattle fever tick

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66
Q

Acariasis

A

Infestation with either mites or ticks

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67
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax

A

Primary screwworm–dipteran larvae reportable to USDA

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68
Q

Follicular mite of dogs

A

Demodex canis

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69
Q

Ctenocephalides felis

A

Cat flea

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70
Q

Species of crustaceans that parasitize gills and skin of aquatic animals

A

Argulus

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71
Q

Centipedes have ___ legs for every body segment. Millipedes have ____.

A

1, 2

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72
Q

Millipedes are _______.

A

poisonous

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73
Q

The class myriopoda composes of what two things?

A

Millipedes and centipedes

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74
Q

Why is it important to keep cockroaches out of the practice?

A

They can carry salmonella

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75
Q

_______ _______ produce a toxic substance that is caustic and can live in alfalfa hay.

A

Blister beetles

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76
Q

Reduviid bugs

A

Kissing bugs, intermediate host for T. cruz and produce chagas disease in humans and dogs.

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77
Q

What are dorsoventrally flattened and wingless insects with head, thorax, and abdomen?

A

Lice

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78
Q

T/F Sucking lice are not species specific.

A

False

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79
Q

Lice life cycle

A 
Egg stage (nit)
Nymphal develops into adult
Adult glues egg to host
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80
Q

_______ is the vector of transmission for bartonella muris and Rickettsia type in rats.

A

Polyplax spinulosa

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81
Q

How can we find lice on a guinea pig?

A

Magnifying glass

82
Q

In some dipterans the female is the only periodic parasite that feeds on blood, while in other species both M/F do. T/F

A

True

83
Q

Black flies may come in other colors. T/f

A

True (yellow, grey)

84
Q

This species is diagnosed by seeing hairy wings.

A

Sand flies

85
Q

Culicoides sp.

A

No-see-ums

86
Q

Summer dermatitis is caused by what sp.

A

Culicoides (no-see-ums)

87
Q

Culicoides (no-see-ums) can transmit the _____ virus.

A

The blue tongue virus.

88
Q

The female mosquito does not need a vertebrate blood meal in order to lay her eggs. T/F

A

False, she does.

89
Q

Name three things a mosquito can transmit.

A

Chlamydia, Malaria, and heart worm.

90
Q

Deerflies and horse flies are the largest of the dipteran group. T/F

A

True

91
Q

What fly only breeds once?

A

Tse tse fly. and only produces one larva at a time.

92
Q

Removing decaying material can prevent what fly?

A

Stable fly

93
Q

The larval stage of the house fly life cycle is of great significance - it produces a facilitate myiasis. T/f

A

True

94
Q

Syanthropic

A

“Living within humans”

95
Q

What fly transmits bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Face fly

96
Q

Why should you be careful when removing Cuterebra?

A

Causes anaphylaxis

97
Q

Hypodermic species producte pathology in cows that can result in paralysis T/F

A

True

98
Q

Gasterophilus species only produces pathology as an adult T/f

A

False, also as larva

99
Q

Why is it called oestrus ovis?

A

B/c they thought when the sheep were plagued with this they acted mad like women in estrous

100
Q

Flea life cycle

A

Adult stage
Egg stage
Larval stage
Pupal stage

101
Q

What is “false grid”

A

A neurologic condition caused by oestrus ovis wandering into the cranial vault

102
Q

Some species of fleas can carry zoonotic disease. Name one

A

Bubonic plague (rats to humans by flea

103
Q

______ mites can cause dermatologic issues in animals and humans.

A

Sarcoptiform

104
Q

Sarcoptiform broken down into two thing - Sarcoptidae mites burrow or tunnel within epidermis Psoroptidae mites reside on surface T/F

A

True

105
Q

Sarcoptes scabei can’t cause scabies in humans. T/f

A

False, it can.

106
Q

Notoedres =

A

Scabies mite

107
Q

How is notoedres diagnosed?

A

Skin scraping

108
Q

Cnemidocoptes pile can cause pruritus in what sp

A

parakeets, also the beak and cere

109
Q

Trixacarus caviae mites cause lesions with dry, itchy, hair loss etc. t/f

A

true

110
Q

Are psoropte caniculi mites only found in rabbits?

A

No they have also been found in horses sheep and goats.

111
Q

Otodectes cynotis =

A

Ear mites

112
Q

This mite has a carrot, cigar, or alligator shaped body with shortlegs.

A

Demodex

113
Q

Demodex larva have 6 legs, all other stages 8. t/f

A

true

114
Q

Where do demodex mites live?

A

within the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of skin.

115
Q

Demodex produce what three sx

A

asymptomatic carrier, localized demodecosis, gen. demodecosis.

116
Q

How is demodex dx

A

Skin scraping

117
Q

Pneumonussoides are dx how.

A

Looking at mites exiting nostrils of dog. (they may leave for warmth i.e fireplace)

118
Q

The tropical rat mite can cause what condition in animals?

A

Anemia

119
Q

Ornithonyssus bacon can carry rickettsial organisms that can be transmitted to humans. T/f

A

True

120
Q

______ _______ has been reported to look like a bell pepper from lateral view, or acorn.

A

Walking dandruff

121
Q

Cheyletiella parasitivorax can be found by….

A

combing with a flea comb and onto black paper/ cellophane tape technique.

122
Q

Take hair from neck or shoulder of mouse and use cellophane tape/look under scope to look for what?

A

Fur mites (same with rat)

123
Q

Capitulum

A

Tick head

124
Q

Chelicerae

A

Cutting organs of tick

125
Q

Hypostome

A

Anchor like sucking organ (tick)

126
Q

pedipalps

A

tick two leg like appendages

127
Q

Life cycle of the tick

A

Egg, larval, nymphal, and adult

128
Q

A three-host tick….

A

uses a different host for each life cycle.

129
Q

Otobius megnini is important b/c… (Spinose ear tick)

A

it can attach to humans and cause paralysis.

130
Q

Ioxedes scapularis

A

Vector for spreading lyme disease to dogs horses and humans.

131
Q

Dermacentor variables can transmit what two diseases

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever, and tularemia.

132
Q

What is the vector for the spread of rocky mountain spotted fever.

A

Dermacentor Andersoni

133
Q

Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) can be identified by

A

single white spot on its scutum.

134
Q

Boophilus annulatus serves as an intermediate host for…

A

Babesia bigemina

135
Q

The ______ _______ _____ is known to harbor and spread Q fever, rocky mountain spotted fever, and tularemia to humans

A

Continental rabbit tick. Can also cause tick paralysis.

136
Q

What is the most powerful anticoagulant in the world?

A

Hirudan

137
Q

Name two methods of movement for leeches.

A

Swimming, and stepping (inchworm like)

138
Q

The leech has a segmented body that lacks a hard exoskeleton. It has a thin flexible cuticle. T/f

A

True

139
Q

The anterior sucker of a leech is called a

A

pseudosucker

140
Q

What is the name of the medicinal leech

A

Hirudo medicinalis

141
Q

Hirudiniasis

A

Having leeches inside or outside of the body.

142
Q

What sx can leeches cause in the trachea esophagi bronchi etc.

A

vomitting of blood and coughing, nose bleeds.

143
Q

What are the two genera of aquatic leeches we worry about.

A

Limnatis and dinobdella.

144
Q

What leeches parasitize domestic aquatic birds?

A

Theromyzon tessulatum.

145
Q

Medicinal leeches can consume up to ___ times their body weight.

A

5

146
Q

Haemopis sanguisuga

A

The horse leech

147
Q

Borrelia ‘burgdorferi’ this word is the…

A

species

148
Q

In the name “Staphylococcus” aureus.. Staph is the…

A

Genus

149
Q

In appearance, hookworm ova resemble ____ ova.

A

Strongyle

150
Q

Proglottids on a dogs anus indicate a ________ infection.

A

Tapeworm

151
Q

In heart worm treatment we want to kill the….

A

Adults first

152
Q

Is giardia a type of coccidian?

A

No

153
Q

What are the diagnostic forms of giardia?

A

Cysts and trophozoites

154
Q

Compared to roundworm ova, coccidian appear

A

smaller

155
Q

Parascaris spp.

A

roundworm of horses

156
Q

Ruminant ova such as Haemonchus, ostertagia, tricostrongylus, and cooperia resemble canine…

A

Hookworm

157
Q

Pair or tear dropped shape when viewed microscopically

A

Babesia canis

158
Q

Intracellular parasite found in a morula in cytoplasm of leukocytes is

A

Ehrlichia

159
Q

Name a non-burrowing mange mite

A

Psoroptes caniculi

160
Q

Sarcoptes has zoonotic potential T/F

A

True

161
Q

Demodex is highly contagious. T/f

A

False

162
Q

Otobius is a type of ____ tick.

A

soft

163
Q

Can oxyuris be collected using tape method

A

yes

164
Q

Ixodes scapularis is a vector for

A

lyme disease

165
Q

Buffy coat exam for microfilaria can be made with what other hematologic process

A

PCV packed cell volume

166
Q

ELISA HW test can detect this, Difil can not.

A

Occult infection

167
Q

How can we find Fasciolla hepatica? (a cattle livestock has)

A

Sedimentation (heavy eggs)

168
Q

Occult HW infections occur in 90% of…

A

Cats

169
Q

What is difficult about the direct smear and fecal sedimentation methods?

A

Fecal debris makes it hard.

170
Q

Modified Knott technique for microfilaria has what two additives

A

Formalin and new methylene blue stain

171
Q

A +HW animal may have elevated…

A

RBC’s

172
Q

The least sensitive test for microfilaria is

A

Direct exam of blood

173
Q

Do ancylostoma vs. toxascaris have similar morphology and size?

A

NO

174
Q

In what analysis could HW microfilariae appear as an incidental finding

A

Differential cell count

175
Q

Zinc sulfate helps us find…

A

giardia cysts

176
Q

Do we commonly use flotation solutions with spec. grav over 1.3

A

No. they would distort ova.

177
Q

Nematode with an ovoid egg, thin shell, and a modulated embryo?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

178
Q

Xylene is used to clean lens on a scope. t/f

A

True

179
Q

Anaplasma marginale is a blood parasite that causes severe anemia in…

A

bovine

180
Q

Mite common in rabbits and large animals

A

Psoroptes

181
Q

Strongylus vulgaris causes blockage of the cranial mesenteric artery in horses t/f

A

true

182
Q

Neosporosis can cause paralysis in dogs and abortion in cattle t/f

A

true

183
Q

Giardia cysts CANNOT be found on fecal float f/t

A

false, they can

184
Q

Ehrlichia is a tick borne organism found in…

A

dogs

185
Q

Pediculosis

A

infestation of lice

186
Q

what does the occult HW test detect

A

antibodies

187
Q

What mite most damaging to cattle

A

psorptes

188
Q

Anoplocephala is a tapeworm seen in horses. t/f

A

true

189
Q

Largest intermediate form of a tapeworm

A

Hydatid cyst.

190
Q

Paragonimus uses the snail as its intermediate host t.f

A

t

191
Q

What horse parasite produces larva which cause patchy hair loss and loss of skin color?

A

Onchocerca

192
Q

Spirocirca causes nodules in the esophagus which may become neoplastic. t/f

A

t

193
Q

Is diplydium zoonotic?

A

no

194
Q

“zippy motility” in fresh feces

A

Tritrichomonas

195
Q

Greatest economic loss - cattle - which fly?

A

Horn fly. reduces weight gain and milk making

196
Q

Plasmodium causes what..

A

malaria

197
Q

Visceral larval migrans is caused by the larva of

A

toxocara canis

198
Q

Capillaria plica

A

lungworm of cats

199
Q

Occult HW infections are those in which

A

Microfil. are absent

200
Q

What parasite causes blood loss, esp. in young animals?

A

Sarcoptes

Parasitology (Caileigh) (1 decks)

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