Midterm Study Guide

Question 1

Humanism is

Answer 1

the idea that humans are the primary measure for all things

Question 2

The Parthenon

Answer 2

served as a temple to Athena and a treasury

Question 3

Idealism is

Answer 3

the representing of objects as they appear in the mind’s eye

Question 4

The difference between high relief and low relief is

Answer 4

high relief figures are deeply carved while low relief figures are shallowly carved

Question 5

What was the function of the Acropolis

Answer 5

It was the center of religious, cultural and civic ceremonies

Question 6

The structure of Greek Drama follows this pattern

Answer 6

-Prologue -Alternating Choruses and episodes -Exodus -Epilogue

Question 7

Greek drama is characterized by

Answer 7

-combination of poetry, choral song, group dances and mimed action -restraint and simplicity with action occurring offstage -actors who wore masks of general types that audience could recognize easily. (all of the above)

Question 8

Identify the type of column

Answer 8

Corinthian

Question 9

Identify the type of column

Answer 9

Ionic

Question 10

What is Banksy’s style?

Answer 10

“Style is the resemblance to connect one work to another. Banksy’s style was street art. It was critical, yet vague so anyone could interpret it into their own situations.”

Question 11

The trajan column depicts

Answer 11

The subjugation of Northern Barbarians (Dacia)

Question 12

What is the title of this Marble Structure?

Answer 12

Porcia and Cato

Question 13

In the original coffers (square panels) on the dome of the ceiling of the Parthenon, one could often see…

Answer 13

Gilded bronze stars

Question 14

The Aenid oncerns

Answer 14

The mythical founding of Rome by Aeneas

Question 15

A tibia is…

Answer 15

A musical instrument made from the leg bone of an animal

Question 16

Discuss the roman contribution to architecture

Answer 16

The Romans contributed four main things to architecture. 1) they started making more practical buildings instead of focusing on religious buildings.

2) the made use of arches
3) By using arches and support, their buildings became higher
4) The romans began designing buildings for specific purposes. For example, they made enclosed buildings for large groups of people.

Question 17

Ravenna was ruled over all of the following parties except for

Answer 17

Charlemagne

Question 18

The church pictured is an example of…

Answer 18

A central plan church

Question 19

The church represented here is

Answer 19

The Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

Question 20

The Dome of the rock complex encompasses all of the following sites of sacred geography except

Answer 20

The birthplace of King David

Question 21

The central figure in the Mosaic represents

Answer 21

Justinian

Question 22

The central figure in the Marble relief represents

Answer 22

Orpheus

Question 23

How did Christianity direct and change art in this period (Christian Forms and Symbols)? {at least three pieces of specific, unique information}

The period referenced here is from the chapter 5: Early Christian, Islamic and Byzantine Styles.

Answer 23

1) Art shifted from humans being the central point of the art and what was worshiped to christian symbols.
2) Soldiers had the ichthys fish on their shields.
3) The dove also represented the Holy Spirit, and the peacock stood for paradise.”

Question 24

The Benedictine monks in the section on ‘Religious Romanesque’ took all of the following vows except:

Answer 24

Charity

Question 25

A painter of small illuminated scenes in books was known as a…

Answer 25

Miniator

Question 26

Odo of Cluny’s method of musical notation included the calculation of intervals (the difference of pitch between tones), using a musical instrument called a

Answer 26

Monochord

Question 27

The Bayeux Tapestry is a work of embroidery and continuous narrative surrounding what event?

Answer 27

The Norman conquest of England

Question 28

The Song of Roland is an example of

Answer 28

Epic poem/ Chanson de geste

Question 29

Describe the nature of the Contemplative Life in the Romanesque period and how it influenced art

Answer 29

“Simple on the exterior, and very ornate/complex on the interior was the description of the monasteries that monks would reside in, representing a turn away from the world, while having a rich wealth of spiritual life on the inside. I would see the monks personally as very similar: plain living on the outside, with a whole mess of things going on the inside. As spiritual things began to take on a more abstract form in the minds of people in that Romanesque period, it became increasingly difficult to express those things in art. As monks would take to the deserts and mountains and deprive themselves of essential living things, their struggles and trials would bring about hallucinations that artists would then try to depict through “other worldly visions of divine majesty and hellish monsters”. This contrast between the inside and outside changed a lot of the art in this way during the Romanesque period.”

Question 30

Describe the form and function of the Gothic Cathedral

Answer 30

“Cathedrals were city-oriented churches: located in a well populated area. Outside the cathedrals were intricate carvings that invited people inside. The exterior pointed towards the “dwelling places of the people” under God. Religious and secular functions were intermingled: used to serve God as well as hold town meetings and act as a theater for dramas. The cathedral was a town’s museum: “living record”.”

Question 31

Polyphonic means:

Answer 31

Many-voiced

Question 32

St. Thomas Aquinas attempted to harmonize/synthesize

Answer 32

Aristotle and Christian theology

Question 33

In mystical medieval theory even numbers were considered:

Answer 33

Female

Question 34

The Medici were, among other things…

Answer 34

Political bosses in Florence

Question 35

The fresco pictured was painted by

Answer 35

Masaccio

Question 36

This dome was constructed by

Answer 36

Brunelleschi

Question 37

Characters portrayed in the Botticelli paintings discussed in your book include all of the following except…

Answer 37

King Henry VIII of England

Question 38

This painting was created by

Answer 38

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 39

This sculpture was fashioned by

Answer 39

Donatello

Question 40

Define Classical Humanism

Answer 40

“Classical Humanism was focused on philosophy, virtue, and ethics. It was reflective in that it looked back at the age of heroism and of the past arts to inspire and better art. The art in this time came from the wealthy aristrocats. Classical Humanism came during a time of rebirth and awakening. The book says that to understand the art during this period, one must understand that the artists believed that humans have the possibility of descending to the level of a brute beast or having the power to rise to the status of divine beings. So they portrayed this in the arts they made during this period.”

Question 41

Who is the subject of this painting?

Answer 41

Julius II

Question 42

What was the only work Michaelangelo ever signed?

Answer 42

The Pietá

Question 43

Michaelangelo’s Moses is a part of

Answer 43

Pope Julius II’s tomb

Question 44

The cloth on Michaelangelo’s Dying Slave was…

Answer 44

Symbolic for spiritual captivity

Question 45

The center panels of the Sistine Chapel Celing draw on…

Answer 45

The book of Genesis

Question 46

These enthroned figures surround the center panels on the Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Answer 46

Prophets and Sibyls

Question 47

How is the Sistine Chapel organized? What is the philosophy behind it?

Answer 47

“The Sistine ceiling is divided into three zones–concave triangular space, the intermediate zone, and the center panels. The center panels depict the story of creation in reverse-chronological order, from humanity’s lowest state back to its divine origin. In the corners are depictions of key stories of heroic events from the Bible, such as David killing Goliath, and Moses’ rod, which had become a snake, eating all the egyptian rods that were also in the form of snakes. Seven Hebrew prophets, as well as five pagan sibyls are also shown amoung the artwork on the ceiling.”