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MSK > Midterm Study Guide > Flashcards

Midterm Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

glut med
glut min
tensor fascia lata

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2
Q

What are the nerve roots of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4-S1

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3
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

glut max

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4
Q

What are the nerve roots of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5-S2

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5
Q

What are the functions of the tensor fascia late?

A

abducts
medially rotates
flexes thigh
slight extension of knee along with glut max

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6
Q

Pt prevents after an MVA and feet are looking the same direction. Affected limb is adducted, internally rotated, and shortened. Dx?

A

Posterior hip dislocation

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7
Q

During muscle contractions what bands shorten? What band remains the same length?

A

H and I bands between Z lines shorten

A band remains the same

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8
Q

Pt prevents post trauma with one lower limb externally rotated, abducted, and extended at hip joint. Dx?

A

anterior hip dislocation

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9
Q

What two muscles attach at the ASIS?

A

tensor fascia lata and sartorius

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10
Q

What are the functions of the sartorius?

A

flex hip, laterally rotate, abduct

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11
Q

What muscles attach to the AIIS?

A

rectus femoris- only quad to pass hip joint which is why it flexes at the hip as well as extend knee

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12
Q

What compartment is the pectineus primarily in according to function? What nerve innervates it?

A

medial- adduction

femoral nerve

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13
Q

Borders of femoral triangle?

A 
floor- pectineus (medial) and ilipsoas (lateral)
roof- fascia late
base- inguinal ligament
lateral wall- sartorius
medial wall- adductor longus
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14
Q

If a resident needs to do a femoral block where should he anesthetize the femoral nerve?

A

lateral to femoral pulse

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15
Q

Pt presents with a femoral hernia. What lateral structure can this hernia be pushing on?

A

femoral vein

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16
Q

What three structures form the adductor canal?

A

adductor magnus
vastus medialis
anteromedial intermuscular septum

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17
Q

What three structures enter the adductor canal?

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
saphenous nerve

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18
Q

What structures emerge laterally from adductor canal?

A

saphenous nerve and descending genicular artery

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19
Q

What does the articularis genu muscle act on?

A

suprapatellar bursa

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20
Q

What muscle inserts on the adductor tubercle?

A

hamstring portion of adductor magnus

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21
Q

Where does the patellar tendon insert?

A

tibial tuberosity

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22
Q

What three muscles insert on the pes anserinus and what are their nerves?

A

SGT FOT
sartorius
gracilis
semiTendinosus

femoral
obturator
tibial division of sciatic

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23
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament is made by contribution from what muscle?

A

semiMembranosus

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24
Q

What nerve is the lateral tarsal artery associated with? What does it innervate?

A

lateral branch of deep fibular nerve

innervates intrinsics of the foot (extensor digitorum braves, extensor hallucis brevis)

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25
Q

What innervates between the first and second toes?

A

dorsal digital nerve from deep fibular nerve

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26
Q

Which artery anastomoses dorsum and plantar aspects of foot?

A

deep plantar artery

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27
Q

Tendon of fibularis longus is associated with which osteological structure?

A

groove of the cuboid

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28
Q

Which muscle is the only structure exiting lesser sciatic foramen?

A

obturator INTERNUS m.

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29
Q

What three structures exit greater sciatic foramen and enter lesser sciatic foramen?

A

PIN

medially- pudendal n., internal pudendal a., nerve to obturator interns and superior gemellus

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30
Q

If knee is flexed and you plantar flex what muscle are you using?

A

soleus

gastrocnemius is only when knee is extended

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31
Q

What muscles are in the triceps coxae?

A

superior and inferior gemellus

obturator INTERNUS

32
Q

What muscles are in the triceps surae?

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

33
Q

Of the four small rotators in the butt, which one can only rotate and not abduct the thigh?

A

quadratus femoris

34
Q

What is the only hamstring muscle that does not participate in flexing the knee? Why? What function does it have?

A

hamstring portion adductor magnus
does not cross hip joint
extend thigh

35
Q

What hamstring is innervated by the common fibular nerve and does not work across hip joint? What is its function?

A

flexes knee

36
Q

Why is the popliteal pulse difficult to get?

A

deepest structure i popliteal fossa

37
Q

What is the freshman nerve and what is its main function?

A

plantaris

proprioception

38
Q

Where can you find a labella?

A

lateral head of gastrocnemius

39
Q

Foot drop and loss of eversion is caused by damage to

A

common fibular nerve

40
Q

Nerve roots of common fibular?

A

L4-S2

41
Q

Foot drop but can still evert is caused by damage to

A

deep fibular nerve

42
Q

Patient stands on right leg and left pelvis drops. What nerve is damaged?

A

right superior gluteal nerve damage

43
Q

Herniation of abdominal contents inferior to inguinal ligament

A

femoral hernia

44
Q

Herniation of abdominal contents superior to inguinal ligament

A

inguinal hernia

45
Q

What is a major landmark in gluteal region? Anything superior to it is superior gluteal neuromuscular bundle.

A

piriformis muscle

46
Q

What innervates piriformis?

A

nerve to piriformis

47
Q

How can the piriformis cause sciatica?

A

if the sciatic nerve comes through the piriformis instead of inferiorly

48
Q

Damage to popliteal fossa results in weakness of?

A

tibial nerve- loss of plantarflexion

49
Q

Unhappy triad =

A

medial collateral, ACL, lateral meniscus

50
Q

Why would a patient have pain on medial surface of leg/foot after a saphenous cutdown?

A

cut saphenous nerve since it travels with saphenous vein

51
Q

What are the first and second ligaments to tear during an inversion sprain (rolling ankle)?

A

anterior talofibular ligament

calcaneolfibular ligament

52
Q

What happens if you get a super severe eversion sprain?

A

deltoid ligament is super strong will usually break the bone instead of just breaking apart

53
Q

If there is a blockage in the femoral artery exactly how does the blood get to the leg?

A

internal iliac -> inferior gluteal artery -> lateral circumflex femoral artery (KEY) -> medial circumflex femoral artery -> descending branch -> superiolateral genital artery

cruciate anastomosis

54
Q

What artery is associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

A

medial circumflex artery

55
Q

If a patient has difficult raising from a seated position what nerve and muscle are affected?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

gluteus maximus

56
Q

What muscles insert on the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

glut med
glut min
obturator internus
piriformis

57
Q

Which ligament resists hyperextension of the hip joint?

A

iliofemoral

58
Q

What nerve would be impinged if there’s a disk protrusion in L5-S1? What reflex would you lose?

A

S1- loss of ankle reflex

disk lesions impinge the nerve distribution of the more inferior number

59
Q

Principal flexor of the hip?

A

iliopsoas

60
Q

Where does the achilles tendon insert?

A

calcaneus

61
Q

Inferior displacement of the talus resulting in loss of medial longitudinal arch is due to damage in which ligament?

A

plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

62
Q

Which artery passes between proximal tibia and neck of the fibula?

A

anterior tibial artery

63
Q

Which muscle unlocks the knee joint?

A

popliteus (inserted between lateral collateral and lateral meniscus)

64
Q

Pt cannot invert or plantar flex. What nerve has been damaged? Where would you see loss of sensation?

A

tibial nerve

sole of foot

65
Q

Patient has a tight belt on and experiences meralgia parasthetica. What nerve is affected?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

66
Q

What are the Tom Dick And Harry?

A 
tibialis posterior m
flexor digitorum longus m
posterior tibial a
tibial n
flexor hallucis longus m (tendon goes under sustentaculum tali)
67
Q

Which muscle inserts on the sesamoid bone of the first metatarsal?

A

aDductor hallucis

68
Q

Where do you check for posterior tibial pulse?

A

between medial malleolus and calcaneus

69
Q

Where do you do gluteal injections?

A

superolaterally

70
Q

Cutaneous sensation to lateral malleolus and lateral leg are done by?

A

sural nerve

71
Q

what is the superficial vein in the popliteal fossa?

A

saphenous vein

72
Q

what muscle would pull on the bone fragment of a rolled ankle resulting in an avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal?

A

fibularis brevis

73
Q

Housemaid’s knee?

A

PRE patellar bursa

74
Q

Pes planes (flatfoot) is due to a collapse of?

A

medial longitudinal arch

75
Q

Most common location of Morton’s neuroma?

A

between 3rd and 4th metatarsophalangeal joint

76
Q

What muscle is most important in prevention of patellar dislocation?

A

vastus medialis

MSK (6 decks)

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