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College Public Communication > Midterm; Test 1 > Flashcards

Midterm; Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how can public speaking affect your life

A

in one way or another, it is going to be apart of your life, no matter what your job is. might have to communicate with groups of people, present presentations, etc.

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2
Q

why is it normal to be nervous at the beginning of a speech

A

lets the audience know that you are genuine and believable/ credible. Also means that your body is responding the correct ways and giving out the correct hormones, such as adrenaline. Essentially getting “phased up” for it, meaning that you care

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3
Q

what are some ways you may demonstrate that you are nervous

A

sway, lose focus, speech is affect (crackly, uptalk), have butterflies

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4
Q

what are the seven elements of the speech communication process

A

speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, situation

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5
Q

how do the seven elements of the speech communication process interact to determine the success or failure of the speech

A

they depend on each other, so if one area is lacking then that can bring the others down, but if they can all work together and as one then the speech can be effective

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6
Q

what is ethnocentrism

A

when someones believes that their societal group or culture is better than everyone elses

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7
Q

why do speakers need to avoid ethnocentrism

A

if they do not then they can come across as snobby and rude, as well as not being to relate to the audience. You can of course be passionate about your beliefs but you don’t want to shove it down peoples throats and not acknowledge the other side of things

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8
Q

what two major steps should you focus on for developing your introductory speech

A

focusing and developing the topic

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9
Q

focusing the topic

A

you can make sure that you fit it into the given time limit while also providing sufficient enough information

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10
Q

developing the topic

A

be able to think about it in detail and provide more creativity a stronger and more effective diction

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11
Q

what are the three sections that you organize your introductory speech into

A

introduction, body, conclusion

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12
Q

what are the five elements of speech delivery with regard to presenting

A

starting your speech, gestures, eye contact, voice, dealing with nerves

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13
Q

starting your speech description

A

move to front of room and face audience

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14
Q

gestures description

A

can use hands as gestures though but play them out beforehand, don’t let them district the audience

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15
Q

eye contact description

A

look at audience as much as you can, practice speech before so you can try to memorize it and look it up more

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16
Q

voice description

A

project to the back of the room, use voice as expressively as you would in a normal conversation

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17
Q

dealing with nerves description

A

take several, slow deep breaths, tighten and relax leg muscles, remain calm

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18
Q

dominance hormone

A

hormone

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19
Q

stress hormone

A

cortisol

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20
Q

what can you do to gain some confidence before a speech

A

powerpose, talk positively to your self in the mirror

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21
Q

what is the quote to go with confidence and advancement

A

fake it till you make it

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22
Q

define ethics

A

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

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23
Q

5 guidelines for ethical decision making

A

make sure your goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest in what you say, avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language, put ethical principles in practice

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24
Q

ethical rules you believe the classroom should have

A

courteous and attentive at all times, don’t pre judge the speaker, have a free and open expression of ideas

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25
Q

if you are having trouble choosing a speech topic, what are three brainstorming methods you can use

A

hobbies/interests, clustering, internet

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26
Q

what are the two major purposes of classroom speeches

A

inform, persuade

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27
Q

five tips for formulating your specific purpose

A

write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase not as a fragment,
express as a statement not a question,
avoid figurative language in your purpose statement,
limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea,
make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general

28
Q

five tips for an effective central idea

A

expressed in a full sentence, should not be in form of a question, avoid figurative language, should not be vague or overly general, is it relevant to the audience

29
Q

what are some examples of situational audience analysis for this particular class setting

A

size of the audience/classroom setting,
make sure that we dress our classmates as an actual audience,
backgrounds of the students and where they are from,
race/ethnicity of audience

30
Q

what re some ways you can adapt to your audience during a speech

A

know how much time you have,

look in the audience and see their reactions to see if you have to switch anything

31
Q

what are three criteria for evaluating the soundness of research materials that you find on the internet

A

authorship, sponsorship, recency

32
Q

what are four stages of a research interview

A

define the purpose of the interview, divide who to interview, decide whether to record the interview, prepare the questions

33
Q

what should you do in each stage to ensure a successful interview

A

dress appropriate and arrive on time, repeat purpose of interview, set up the recorder if being used, keep interview on track, listen carefully, don’t overstay your welcome

34
Q

what are three types of examples

A

brief, extended, hypothetical

35
Q

what is a peer testimony

A

one that is from an ordinary person with first hand experience of insight

36
Q

what is an expert testimony

A

one that comes from a recognized expert

37
Q

why is it important that speeches be organized clearly and coherently

A

it will enhance your credibility and message, as well as make it easier to understand for the audience

38
Q

how many points will your speech usually contain

A

2-5

39
Q

what are the 5 basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech

A

chronological order, spatial order, causal, problem-solution, topical

40
Q

what is the most common pattern of organization

A

topical

41
Q

what is chronological order

A

arranged in the order that it happened

42
Q

what is spatial order

A

details are presented as they are (or were) located in space; such as, from left to right, or from top to bottom

43
Q

what is causal order

A

cause and effects of something

44
Q

what is problem-solution order

A

writing about a topic by identifying the problem and proposing one or more solutions

45
Q

what is topical order

A

present main points in a logical order to strengthen your speech; main points should make your central idea clearer

46
Q

what are the four types of connectives

A

transitional, internal previews, internal summaries, signposts

47
Q

transitional

A

first, next, however

48
Q

internal previews

A

“we can help solve the problem by knowing how to recognize the issues that are at hand”

49
Q

internal summaries

A

“Therefore, anyone can help solve the problem, by knowing how to recognize the issues that are at hand

50
Q

signposts

A

signals to alert where you are going; draws attention and aims to maintain their attention through the presentation/speech; “moving on, turning to,

51
Q

what are the four major goals of a speech introduction

A

get the attention and interest of your audience, reveal the topic, establish credibility and goodwill, preview the body of the speech

52
Q

5 ways to get the attention of the audience

A

relate topic to the audience, state the importance, startle the audience, arouse curiosity of audience, tell a story

53
Q

what is a preview statement

A

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

54
Q

what are the major functions of a speech conclusion

A

let the audience know you are ending the speech, reinforce the audiences understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea

55
Q

what are two ways to signal the end of the speech

A

through what you say (in conclusion, my purpose has been),
manner of delivery (use of tone, pacing, intonation and rhythm can build momentum so there is no doubt that the speech is over

56
Q

what are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech

A

summarize your speech, end with a quotation, make a dramatic statement, refer to the introduction

57
Q

what are four tips for your conclusion

A

keep an eye out for concluding materials as you research and develop speech, conclude with a bang, not a whimper, don’t be long winded, don’t leave anything in your conclusion for chance

58
Q

why should you outline your speech

A

stay organized, as well as be able to see the full scope of everything while presenting

59
Q

what is a preparation outline

A

an outline that helps you prepare for your speech

60
Q

what are 8 guidelines for creating preparation outline

A

state specific purpose, identify central idea, label introduction body and conclusion, use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation, state main points and sub points in full sentences, label transition/internal summaries/internal previews, attach a a bibliography, give speech a title, if one is desired

61
Q

whats a speaking outline

A

an outline that is used while you are doing the presentation/speaking to jog memory

62
Q

4 guidelines for creating speaking outline

A

follow the visual frameworks used in the preparation outline, make sure that the outline is legible, keep the outline as a brief as possible, give yourself cues for delivering the speech

63
Q

what are four criteria for using language effectively in speeches

A

using language accurately, clearly, vividly, appropriately

64
Q

what are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches

A

use familiar words, choose concrete words, eliminate clutter

65
Q

what re two ways to bring speech to life with vivid, animated language

A

imagery, rhythm

College Public Communication (1 decks)

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