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Wood Identification > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common way of identifying physical and chemical properties of wood?

A

Microscopic observation (Abe, 2016)

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2
Q

refers to the determination of a
certain wood sample as being
similar to an already known
kind.

A

Wood Identification

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2
Q

It is also the
determination of the taxonomic
position of wood.

A

Wood Identification

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3
Q

3 Confirmatory test for identification

A

a) Splinter/ Ash Tests
b) Fluorescence Tests
c) Froth Tests

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3
Q

Gross physical features of wood

A

Texture
Color
Taste
Grain Direction
Luster
Weight
Odor

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4
Q

refers to the size and proportional
amount of woody elements.

A

TEXTURE

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4
Q

due to the presence of extractives
deposited in the wood cells.

A

COLOR

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5
Q

Colors of wood

A

Bright yellow or orange
Light wine red to blood red
Black with black stripes
Bright yellow (fresh)

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6
Q

the ability to reflect light.

A

Luster

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7
Q

Taste of pagatpat and batino

A

Pagatpat- Salty
Batino- Bitter

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8
Q

resistance to indentation. This may be
known by cutting the sample with a knife or by
applying pressure with the fingernails on the
longitudinal surface of the wood

A

Hardness

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9
Q

dependent on three factors:

(1) amount of wood substances
(2) moisture content
(3) amount of extractives present

A

Weight

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10
Q

hardest and heaviest wood in the world found in the Philippines

A

Mangkono

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11
Q

Malabayabas and Mangkono of Family __________ are
extremely heavy woods

A

Myrtaceae

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12
Q

this refers to the arrangement
or orientation of the wood elements with
respect to respect to the longitudinal axis

A

Grain direction

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13
Q

Types of grain direction

A

Straight grained
Wavy
Cross
Spiral

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14
Q

tangential surface of wood shows the ___________

A

Grain direction

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15
Q

Lighter colored rings
developed during the rainy
season.

A

Early wood / spring wood

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16
Q

Cells with thinner
walls and of lower density.

A

Early wood / spring wood

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17
Q

Darker colored bands
formed during the dry
season.

A

Late wood or
summerwood

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18
Q

Cells with
thicker walls and of
higher density.

A

Late wood or
summerwood

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19
Q

A type of growth ring that is sometimes
encountered especially in old or suppressed trees.

A

Discontinuous ring

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20
Q

formed when factors such as
drought, insect infestation, late frost in
temperate countries affects the structural
development of the cells, and results in a
subsequent formation of more than one ring
during a growing season.

A

False ring

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21
Q

One false ring included in the true
ring

A

Double ring

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22
Q

More than 1 false ring is included
* Results in overestimation of the age of the tree.

A

Multiple ring

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23
Q

Growth increments are ________ near the lower
part of the crown and ___________ in width toward
both the tip and the base of the trunk
(lengthwise).

A

Widest, Decrease

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24
Q

Factors of variations in growth increment

A

Environment and genetics

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25
Q

the cross-section of a vessel.

A

Pore

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26
Q

This provides a number of features that
are of value in identification like the
shape, size, its occlusions, number and
distribution.

A

Pore

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27
Q

pipelines within
the trunk, transporting sap within the tree.

A

Pores

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28
Q

largest
type of cells

A

Vessel elements or PORES

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29
Q

Refers to the classification of hardwoods
on the basis of pore size and distribution.

A

Topography

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30
Q

radial series of adjacent solitary pores

A

Pore chain

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31
Q

pores appearing as one and
consisting of several divisions

A

pore multiple

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32
Q

tangential grouping of pores

A

wavy bands

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33
Q

Wood diameters are measured in _________

A

Micrometers or microns

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34
Q

Short-thin-walled element concerned
primarily with storage and to a lesser
extent in the distribution of carbohydrates

A

Parenchyma

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35
Q

May appear in the form of dots, lines and
bands. More abundant in hardwoods.

A

Parenchyma

36
Q

longitudinal
parenchyma arrange independent of
vessels/pores.

A

Apotracheal parenchyma

37
Q

refers to a tube or pipe

A

trachea

38
Q

parenchyma cells that
occur separate from the pores.

A

Apotracheal

39
Q

can occur as single cells bordering a
pore, called scanty parenchyma.

A

Paratracheal parenchyma

40
Q

In some species, banded
parenchyma can also occur along
the growth ring boundary called ___________

A

Marginal parenchyma

41
Q

It is when
both the parenchyma and rays occur
in thin, closely spaced bands forming
a net or grid-like pattern,

A

Reticulate parenchyma

42
Q

Parenchyma may occur in
slightly narrower intervals than
the rays, appearing as rungs on
a ladder,

A

Scalariform parenchyma

43
Q

Other parenchyma type

A

Boundary
Initial
Terminal

44
Q

a ribbon-shaped strand of tissue extending
in a radial direction across the grain.

A

Wood rays

45
Q

What is seen in the tangential section of a tree?

A

Rays arranged in horizontal

46
Q

THE BASIC CELL TYPES:

A

A. Vessels
members
B. Parenchyma
C.Fiber
D.Tracheid

47
Q

primitive element of xylem (fluid-conducting
tissues), consisting of a single
elongated cell with pointed ends and a
secondary, cellulosic wall thickened
with lignin

A

Tracheids

48
Q

serve for support and for upward conduction of
water and dissolved minerals in all vascular plants
and are the only such elements in conifers and
ferns

A

Tracheids

49
Q

Tracheids comprises __________ of the volume of the wood

A

90-95%

50
Q

Vessels are composed
of elongated vessel members in
series connected by ____________

A

Perforation wall

51
Q

primary and
secondary, lignified.

A

cell wall

52
Q

Types of vascular rays

A

Homocellular ray
Heterocellular ray

53
Q

defined as tracheids
present adjacent to
vessels in a wood
which also
possesses libriform fibers or fiber-
tracheids as imperforate
tracheary elements

A

Vasicentric Tracheids

54
Q

Vascular tracheids
would correspond
with the definition of
vasicentric, but are
defined as occurring
only in latewood

A

Vascular tracheids

55
Q

somewhat uncommon form of paratracheal
parenchyma is sometimes seen in a handful of wood species

A

Unilateral parenchyma

56
Q

occurs when the parenchyma is so extensive that it extends outward
and makes contact with the parenchyma from neighboring pores

A

Confluent parenchyma

57
Q

form of parenchyma that is closely related to
vasicentric

A

Aliform parenchyma

58
Q

overgrowths of the protoplast of adjacent living
parenchymatous cells, which protrude into xylem vessels through
pits

A

Tyloses

59
Q

a powerful tool for the identification of wood, but like all tools it must be used correctly
to take full advantage of its powers.

A

Wood hand lens

60
Q

considered a primitive cell type that gave rise, through evolution, to both vessel
members and fibres.

A

Tracheids

61
Q

minute units

A

Cells

62
Q

These
cells are mainly longitudinal, or axial—their long axis runs parallel to the axis of the trunk (vertical
in the standing tree).

A

Tracheids

63
Q

Most in demand cut in the market because it is strong

A

Radial cut

64
Q

Basis of wood identification

A

Physical/structural features and anatomical features

65
Q

Kaya mo pa gurl?

A

HAHAAHA

66
Q

refers to the arrangement or direction of the wood elements particularly the
fibers in relation to the wood’s longitudinal axis.

A

Grain

67
Q

denotes the size and the proportional amounts of woody elements in relation to the size of pores.

A

Texture

68
Q

quarter sawn lumber

A

Radial face

69
Q

Plain sawn lumber

A

Tangential face

70
Q

Softwood

A

Conifers

71
Q

Hardwood

A

Dicotyledons

72
Q

Type of wood where rays is always narrow

A

Softwood

73
Q

Type of wood where rays are short and narrow or wide and tally depending on species

A

Hardwoods

74
Q

ray widths vary within and between
species.

A

Hardwood

75
Q

_____________tracheids are
preferred for paper, since
longer fiber length is
important for paper
strength.

A

Softwood

76
Q

articulated, tube-like structure of indeterminate
length in porous woods; formed through the fusion of the
cells in a longitudinal row and perforation of common
walls in a number of ways.

A

Vessel

77
Q

Rays that swell at the growth-ring boundary.

A

Node rays

78
Q

rays composed of only one type of cells,
typically only porcumbent cells.

A

Homocellular

79
Q

portion of
ray as it appears on the
quarter surface

A

ray fleck

80
Q

What is the distance of the eye to the wood lens?

A

1-4 cm

81
Q

growth rings with an abrupt structural change at the boundaries between them, usually including a change in fibre wall thickness and/or fibre radial diameter,

A

Growth rings boundaries distinct

82
Q

growth rings vague and marked by more or less gradual structural changes at their poorly defined boundaries or not visible,

A

Growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent

83
Q
A
84
Q

It has fibers and other elements that are generally parallel to the wood’s longitudinal axis

A

Straight grained

85
Q

wood shows undulations in the direction of fiber alignment, or the exposed surfaces are wavy

A

Wavy grained

86
Q

fiber alignment deviates from the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis

A

Cross grained

87
Q

When _____ or more of the
pores in a wood sample are solitary, it is said to be exclusively solitary

A

90%

88
Q

This classification includes
pores that are in a more-or-less horizontal (tangential) orientation.

A

Ulmiform

89
Q

what size is 50-100 micrometers

A

medium

90
Q
A

Wood Identification (8 decks)

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