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Field Methods > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Develop skill in thinking like a researcher; asking questions in your mind; more on qualitative methods

A

Field Methods

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2
Q

2 Different Approaches in FM

A

Empirical Approach
Skeptical Attitude

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3
Q

Approach in FM which provides answers in a scientific way

A

Empirical Approach

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4
Q

Approach in FM where there’s doubt

A

Skeptical Attitude

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5
Q

4 Goals of Scientific Explanation

A
  1. Describe
  2. Explain
  3. Predict
  4. Apply
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6
Q

2 PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

A

Reliability
Validity

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7
Q

2 types of observational methods

A

Direct
Indirect

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8
Q

2 types of direct/unobtrusive observational method

A

Without intervention
With intervention

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9
Q

Example of direct observational method

A

Naturalistic Observation

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10
Q

3 types of Observation w/ Intervention

A
  1. Participant Observation
  2. Structured Experiment
  3. Field Experiment
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11
Q

2 types of Participant Observation

A

a.) Disguised
b.) Undisguised

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12
Q

Type of Observation w/ Intervention that creates a situation then makes an observation

A

Structured Experiment

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13
Q

Type of Observation w/ Intervention that allows more control on IV; commonly used in social experiments

A

Field Experiment

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14
Q

2 types of indirect/unobtrusive observational method

A

Physical traces
Archival records

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15
Q

2 types of physical traces

A

Use trace
Product trace

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16
Q

2 types of use trace

A

Natural use
Controlled use

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17
Q

2 types of archival records

A

Running records
Episodic records

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18
Q

3 types of sampling

A

Time Sampling
Event Sampling
Situation Sampling

19
Q

2 disadvantages of episodic records

A

Selective deposit
Selective survival

20
Q

2 types of validity

A

Internal
External

21
Q

Type of validity

“IV to DV”; Change in DV is due to IV

A

Internal

22
Q

Type of validity

Your Setting, Other Setting
Generalizability

A

External

23
Q

Design to deal more directly with the nature of people’s thoughts, opinions, and feelings.

A

Survey research

24
Q

4 Types of Survey Research

A

 Mail
 Telephone
 Personal
 Internet

25
Q

Careful selection of a survey samples allow researchers to generalize findings from sample to the population.

A

SURVEY RESEARCH SAMPLING

26
Q

Occurs when the procedures used to select a sample result in the overrepresentation or underrepresentation of some segment(s) of the population.

A

Selection Bias

27
Q

As the representation of a group in a category that exceeds our expectations for that group, or differs substantially from the representation of others in that category

A

Overrepresentation bias

28
Q

Which sampling is far superior in ensuring that selected samples represent the population? Probability sampling or non-probability sampling?

A

Probability sampling

29
Q

Only what sample on a proportional basis would be representative?

A

Stratified sample

30
Q

3 types of SURVEY RESEARCH DESIGN

A

Cross-sectional
Longitudinal
Successive Independent Samples (Time Sequential)

31
Q

Type of survey design that has no waiting time; has different groups of samples

A

Cross-sectional

32
Q

Type of survey design that has waiting time
and same group

A

Longitudinal

33
Q

Type of survey design that has waiting time
but different groups of samples

A

Successive Independent Samples (Time Sequential)

34
Q

Types of reliability

A
  • Test-retest
  • Inter-rater
  • Internal Consistency
35
Q

Type of validity

A

Content

36
Q

6 steps in preparing a questionnaire

A

Step 1: Decide what information should be sought.
Step 2: Decide how to administer the questionnaire.
Step 3: Prepare a draft questionnaire.
Step 4: Reexamine and revise the questionnaire.
Step 5: Pretest the questionnaire
Step 6: Edit the questionnaire and specify the procedures to be followed in
administration

37
Q

3 types of POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH SURVEY QUESTIONS

A

Double-barreled
Leading
Loading

38
Q

A question that essentially includes more than one topic and is asking about two different issues, while only allowing a single answer.

Ex: A person may respond “no” if both symptoms have not occurred at the same time, or may respond “yes” if either symptom has occurred.

A

Double-barreled

39
Q

Suggests a particular answer that the questioner desires

Ex: Bias may occur if respondents feel
pressure to respond as “most people” do, regardless of their true opinion.

A

Leading

40
Q

A form of complex question that contains a controversial assumption.

Ex: Questions with emotion-laden
words (e.g., racist propaganda) can be
bias responses.

A

Loading

41
Q

3 steps for qualitative analysis (content analysis)

A

Identify relevant source
Sampling from source
Coding

42
Q

Reduction of data

A

Coding

43
Q

Psychology is a science because it: (3)

A

Create science
Consume science
Applied science

44
Q

Observation may be both controllable and uncontrollable; naturalistic & obtrusive

A

Direct observation

Field Methods (4 decks)

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