Midterms

Question 1

Throughout human history, significant artefacts provide evidence of mankind’s extensive engagement in the study and application of artistic endeavors. Over the course of history, the impetus behind artistic endeavors has exhibited fluctuations and transformations in tandem with shifts in social, economic, political, cultural, intellectual, and passionate realms. The following exposition provides a sequential account of Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman arts, primarily focusing on the historical progression of Western art and its evolution over time.

Answer 1

PRE-HISTORIC, EGYPTIAN, GREEK, AND ROMAN, MEDIEVAL ARTS

Question 2

was considered essential to Egyptian life. Eventually, the idea that the Nile should be revered as a god arose from this necessity and usefulness. As a result, the idea that art might be attributed to religion emerged.

Answer 2

The Nile River

Question 3

(14,000-2,000 BCE)

Answer 3

STONE AGE

Question 4

(Middle Stone Age)

Answer 4

MESOLITHIC

Question 5

(5000 BCE - 300 CE)

Answer 5

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART

Question 6

– Portrait sculpture and fresco paintings.

Answer 6

Middle KINGDOM

Question 7

– Egyptian tomb sculptures, pyramids l

Great Pyramid of Giza
Tomb sculpture
Narmer Palette,
Colossal statue of Menkaura

Answer 7

Old kingdom

Question 8

– Sculptures with life-like features

• Bust of Nefertiti,
• Blue-painted storage jar
• King Tutankhamun

Answer 8

New Kingdom

Question 9

Tomb fresco
The gods Osiris, Anubis, and Horus, from a tomb painting

Answer 9

Middle Kingdom

Question 10

late years of the Old Stone Age) Venus of Willendorf, Lascaux Cave Painting

Answer 10

Paleolithic

Question 11

Stonehenge, new stone age

Answer 11

Neolithic

Question 12

• The excavation and discovery of __________ and remains offer __________ valuable insights into the belief systems, cultural practices, and daily activities of ancient
civilizations

Answer 12

archaeological artifacts and contemporary society

Question 13

created various artifacts that serve as manifestations of their ideologies and perspectives on things pertaining to spirituality, society, politics, and economics.

Answer 13

• The ancient civilizations

Question 14

was considered essential to Egyptian life. Eventually, the idea that the Nile should be revered as a god arose from this necessity and usefulness. As a result, the idea that art might be attributed to religion emerged.

Answer 14

• The Nile River

Question 15

• The majority of the artwork produced focused on the __________, who served as both the social structure’s ruler and a god

Answer 15

pharaoh

Question 16

➢ The Early Dynastic Period; The Old Kingdom (26802258 BCE)
➢ The Middle Kingdom (2134-1786 BCE)
➢ The New Kingdom (15701075 BCE), including the controversial ➢ Amarna Period of King Amenhotep (Akhenaton) (13501320 BCE)

Answer 16

Timeline of Ancient Egypt

Question 17

until the Ptolemaic Era (323-30 BCE) and the period of Roman rule (30 BCE - 395 CE).

Answer 17

Intermediate Period

Question 18

An art is the painting, sculpture, and architecture produced by the civilization in the Nile Valley from 5000 BCE to 300 CE. Also art reached considerable sophistication in painting and sculpture and was both highly stylized and symbolic.

Answer 18

Ancient Egyptian art

Question 19

is symbolized by the Pyramids, most of which were constructed during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods when the Pharaoh’s power was absolute. Even today, the full significance of these funerary monuments and tombs is imperfectly understood by archaeologists and Egyptologists.

Answer 19

Ancient Egyptian civilization

Question 20

• Egyptian sculptors and painters were not artists in the modern sense of being creative individuals. Ancient Egyptian art was rather the work of paid artisans who were trained and who then worked as part of a team. The leading master craftsman might be very versatile, and capable of working in many branches of art, but his part in the production of a statue or the decoration of a tomb was anonymous.

Answer 20

Egyptian Artists and Craftsmen

Question 21

• Egyptian civilization was highly religious.
• Most Egyptian artworks involve as reference of many gods and goddesses (including Pharaoh) In addition, the Egyptian respect for order and conservative values led to the establishment of complex rules for how both Gods and humans could be represented by artists.

Answer 21

Rules of Painting

Question 22

• The sizes of figures were calculated purely by reference to the person’s social status.

Answer 22

Figure painting

Question 23

• The term “perspective” refers to the attempt to depict (on a two-dimensional surface like paper) an image as it

Answer 23

Linear perspective

Question 24

The use of color in Egyptian paintings was also regulated and used symbolically. Egyptian artists used six colors in their paintings: red, green, blue, yellow, white, and black.

Answer 24

Use of Pigments

Question 25

• -color of power symbolizes life, victory and anger, fire.

Answer 25

Red

Question 26

• -symbolizes new life, growth, and fertility.

Answer 26

Green

Question 27

• -symbolized creation and rebirth

Answer 27

Blue

Question 28

symbolized the eternal, such as the qualities of the sun and gold. It is also the color of all the pharaohs.

Answer 28

Yellow

Question 29

for purity symbolizing all things sacred and typically used in religious objects and tools used by the priest.

Answer 29

White

Question 30

for death, symbolizes the underworld and night.

Answer 30

Black

Question 31

• regarded philosophy, theatre, and poetry highly.
• In order to pursue careers in the arts, such as painting, sculpture, and architecture, a specific skill set, and body of knowledge are necessary.

Answer 31

Greeks

Question 32

– geometric shapes and patterns (Pyxis, Interior (tondo))

Answer 32

GEOMETRIC PERIOD

Question 33

– an Ancient greek human figures (The Strangford Apollo, The Moschophoros or calf- bearer, Peplos Kore)

Answer 33

ARCHAIC PERIOD

Question 34

– the peak of Greek sculpture and architecture (Venus Braschi, The Artemision Bronze, either Poseidon or Zeus, Statue of Hermes)

Answer 34

CLASSICAL PERIOD

Question 35

– showcasing emotions and depicting reality. (Laocoön and His Sons, Pergamon Altar)

Answer 35

HELLENIST PERIOD

Question 36

regarded philosophy, theatre, and poetry highly.
• In order to pursue careers in the arts, such as painting, sculpture, and architecture, a specific skill set, and body of knowledge are necessary.

Answer 36

• Greeks

Question 37

, particularly in the domains of sculpture and architecture, have exerted a substantial influence on the cultural landscapes of several nations across the globe. The art of the Roman Empire in the Western region exhibited significant influence from Greek art. The military campaigns led by Alexander the Great in the Eastern regions initiated a prolonged period of cultural interaction among Greek, Central Asian, and Indian civilizations. This interaction ultimately led to the emergence of Greco-Buddhist art, which exerted influence even in distant regions such as Japan.

Answer 37

arts of ancient Greece

Question 38

were a time of slow experimentation.

Answer 38

The Archaic era or Archaic times

Question 39

, mainland Greek strength and artistic dominance reached its height. As more and more centers/colonies of Greek culture were founded in regions under Greek authority,

Answer 39

the Classical era

Question 40

, which began with the death of Alexander the Great. In actuality, the period ended with Rome’s ultimate conquest of the whole Mediterranean basin. It also saw the rise and fall of Greece as well as the decline and collapse of Rome

Answer 40

Hellenistic Period

Question 41

• The majority of their works adhere to the principle of realism, emphasizing human characteristics. Also created in a multitude of mediums, such as marble, painting, mosaics, jewels, silver and bronze work, and terracotta, among others.

Answer 41

ANCIENT ROMAN ART (509 BCE - 300 CE)

Question 42

What are the Ancient roman art

Answer 42

➢ Augustus of Prima Porta
➢ Marble bust of a man
➢ Bust of Antinous
➢ Colosseum
➢ Roman Forum

Question 43

The Etruscan influence experienced a decline subsequent to the founding of the Roman Republic in 500 BCE. Furthermore, starting around 300 BCE, the Romans initiated interactions with the prosperous Greek cities located in southern Italy and the eastern Mediterranean, which consequently led to their exposure to and adoption of Greek art. Nonetheless, Roman officials prioritized military affairs and survival over the arts. Not until after the first Punic War, in 200 BCE, had Rome destroyed Hannibal and the Carthaginians, did it feel secure enough to establish civilization.

Answer 43

ROMAN ART

Question 44

Romans were largely practical people with a fondness for engineering, politics, and expanding their empire. Roman buildings were built to inspire, amuse, and serve an expanding populace in Italy and throughout their Empire.

Answer 44

Architecture

Question 45

Types of Architectures

Answer 45

1. Temples
2. Theaters
3. Bridges
4. Lighthouses

Question 46

Roman paintings and sculptures, which primarily aimed to magnify Rome’s grandeur and majesty, continued to imitate the Greek aesthetic even as their architecture was distinctly extravagant.
Similar to other ancient art genres, the quality of Roman sculpture varied. Apart from the numerous portrait busts of emperors and mediocre officials, Roman artists produced some amazing historical relief sculptures. One such example is the spiral sculpture located on Trajan’s Column, which honors the emperor’s victory in the Dacian War.

Answer 46

Painting, Sculpture

Question 47

The Romans made a great development with concrete. Arches, vaults, and domes were considerably easier to create with its strength, flexibility, ease of use, and low cost as compared to other construction materials. Its first known use dates back to 273 BCE in the town of Cosa.

Answer 47

Concrete

Question 48

1. Opus quadratum concrete
2. Opus incertum concrete
3. Opus reticulatum concrete
4. Opus Testaceum concrete
5. Opus Mixtum concrete

Answer 48

Types pf concrete

Question 49

• Originally built during the Etruscan era, this Roman chariot racing site was situated in the valley between the Aventine and Palatine hills in Rome, Italy. It was reconstructed to accommodate an estimated 150,000 spectators during Julius Caesar’s rule and a further 250,000 during Constantine’s reign

Answer 49

Circus Maximus

Question 50

Vespasian built the elliptical amphitheater in the center of Rome to appease the populace, and it was named for a massive statue of Nero that stood nearby. Built to accommodate 50,000 spectators, it is regarded as one of the best examples of Roman architecture and is renowned for its elaborate design, model system of tiered seating, and spacious walkways.

Answer 50

Colosseum

Question 51

• The oldest triumphal arch still standing in Rome, was constructed in 70 CE to honor the young Emperor for putting an end to the Jewish insurrection in Judea. Napoleon drew inspiration for his Arc de Triomphe in Paris from the Arch of Titus, which is situated on the Via Sacra, southeast of the Roman Forum

Answer 51

The Arch of Titus

Question 52

• The largest building in the Roman Forum, the Basilica of Maxentius (308–12 CE) had arches, barrel vaults, and a folded roof. The center nave was framed by three groin vaults elevated 120 feet above the floor on four piers.

Answer 52

Basilica of Maxentius (308-12 CE)

Question 53

usually referred to as the Middle Ages, pertains to the time period spanning from the decline of the Roman Empire in the Western region around 450 CE to the fall of Constantinople in the Eastern region in 1453 CE. However, the initial centuries (450-1000), often referred to as the Dark Ages, were characterized by extensive barbarian aggression and societal turmoil. During the nascent phase, the sole noteworthy cultural endeavor that transpired was confined to secluded monastic establishments affiliated with the burgeoning Christian Church.

Answer 53

Medieval era

Question 54

The Roman Empire was split in two: the eastern half, which was situated in the more secure city of Constantinople, and the western part, which was first centered in Rome until it was sacked in the fifth century CE, then Ravenna. Simultaneously, Christianity was declared the sole recognized religion throughout the empire.

Answer 54

• Constantinople, Christianity, and Byzantine Art

Question 55

Christian architecture was at the heart of Byzantine art, which was virtually exclusively religious in nature. Masterpieces include the magnificent Church of St. Sophia in Sofia, Bulgaria (527–65), the magnificent Hagia Sophia (532–37) in Istanbul, and the Church of Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki.

Answer 55

Art of Byzantium (Constantinople) (330-1450 CE)

Question 56

The illuminated manuscripts from the middle of the sixth century CE that were created in Anglo- Saxon and Ireland are among the best specimens of early Christian painting. These books have such lovely illustrations.

Answer 56

Early Christian Artists

Question 57

Around 775, the Christian King Charlemagne’s court saw the emergence of the first indications of a Continental cultural renaissance.

Answer 57

Medieval Artists on the Continent

Question 58

While majestic, Romanesque architecture was uninteresting. Additionally, because most churches had small windows, the interiors were poorly illuminated. With its towering arches, vaulted ceilings, and enormous stained-glass windows, inspired and educated the illiterate audiences of the Church, transforming all of this.

Answer 58

• Gothic Architects

Question 59

that have survived, aside from architectural pieces, are in the sculpture category. Of particular note are the statues and reliefs made for the major Gothic and Romanesque cathedrals, including those in Reims (1211–75), Cologne (1248–1880), Chartres (1194–1250), and Notre-Dame (1163–1345).

Answer 59

Types of Medieval Art

Question 60

The subsequent great period of Medieval arts and crafts was initiated by the Church’s program of building cathedrals, which started in France in the eleventh century and spread throughout the rest of Europe. It constructed several Romanesque-style structures between the years 1000 and 1150, such as the imposing Abbey Church of Cluny (927), Durham Cathedral (1093), Speyer Cathedral (1106), and St. Lazare Cathedral, Autun (1146).

Answer 60

• Cathedral Art: Romanesque and Gothic Styles (1000-1400)

Question 61

Medieval crafts did not really take off on the European Continent until King Charlemagne and his Ottonian successors arrived. During the Carolingian (750–900) and Ottonian (900–1050) art periods, Christian art had a resurgence throughout Europe with the support of nonreligious authorities. Royal support benefited a variety of arts and crafts, including building, design, ivory carving, gold and silversmithing, and sculpture.
The output of illuminated manuscripts, which in and of themselves required the abilities of miniature painting, book illustration, and goldsmithery, was also greatly boosted in order to meet the demand for biblical texts. From 450 until 750, the Church in Rome had continued the practice of medieval Christian painting in its remote monasteries in Ireland and the Middle East.

Answer 61

Carolingian/Ottonian Period (750-1050)

Question 62

The most prestigious of all the crafts was that of goldsmithing and enameling. He was frequently a very rich man, in a position to make loans to kings and nobles which gave him considerable status. To some extent he also shared the aura of sanctity and prestige which surrounded the sacred vessels and reliquaries he made. Goldsmiths also made and designed coinage, cut seals and were even sometimes involved in bronze sculpture.

Answer 62

Art of Goldsmithing

Question 63

Poetry, calligraphy, painting, seal engraving, and traditional ____________ are essential elements that enhance and complement each other. “Poetry in painting and painting in poetry” has been used as a standard for outstanding pieces. Seal imprints and inscriptions enhance the painting’s attractiveness while also assisting in the explanation of the artist’s thoughts and feelings. Traditional Chinese painting seeks to depict a subject’s inner essence—its energy, life force, and spirit—as well as its external look.

Answer 63

CHINESE PAINTING

Question 64

• is marked by exaggerated forms and freehand brushwork.

Answer 64

• Xieyi style (freehand)

Question 65

• is characterized by close attention to detail and fine brushwork.

Answer 65

Gongbi (meticulous)

Question 66

• are both horizontal and vertical, usually mounted and hung on the wall.

Answer 66

• Hanging scrolls

Question 67

• the artist paints on a certain size of xuan paper and then binds several paintings into an album, which is convenient for storage.

Answer 67

• Album of paintings

Question 68

• Folding fans and round fans made of bamboo strips with painted paper or silk pasted on the frame.

Answer 68

• Fan Surface

Question 69

• is also called a hand scroll and is usually less than 50 centimeters high but maybe up to 100 meters long.

Answer 69

• Long horizontal scroll

Question 70

What are the subjects

Answer 70

• figure paintings
• landscape paintings
• flower-and-bird paintings

Question 71

The early paintings were decorative rather than representational, with patterns or designs replacing actual images. In the past, animals, dots, zigzags, and spirals were painted on ceramics. The tools included an animal-hair brush pen and black inks derived from animal glue and pine soot. Silk was used in the past for both painting and writing. However, silk was eventually supplanted by a new, less expensive material after paper was invented in the first century AD.

Answer 71

Early Periods

Question 72

Figure painting was quite popular at the royal court throughout the Tang dynasty. Landscapes were frequently painted, especially shanshui (山水, “mountain water”) paintings, starting in the Tang Dynasty. The goal of these sparse, monochromatic landscapes, collectively referred to as shuimohua, was to capture an atmosphere or emotion, almost as if they were capturing the “rhythm” of nature, rather than to accurately depict how nature appeared.

Answer 72

Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties (581–979)

Question 73

With “shan” denoting mountain and “shui” denoting river, the Shan Shui style painting continued to gain popularity in Chinese landscape painting. Chinese philosophy was the source of the focus placed on landscape; Taoism emphasized that people were but small dots in the larger universe, while Neo-Confucianist authors frequently searched for the patterns and principles they considered to be the root of all social and natural occurrences. Additionally, court paintings with a more realistic depiction of the outside world start to appear during this period.

Answer 73

Song, Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties (907–1368)

Question 74

The practice of painting basic subjects, such as a branch bearing fruit, a few flowers, or one or two horses, emerged starting in the 13th century. During the Ming era, narrative painting gained tremendous popularity due to its busier arrangement and wider color palette than Song paintings.
Individualist painters revolted against many of the conventional painting norms during the early Qing era (1644–1911) and discovered ways to express themselves more freely through loose brushwork.

Answer 74

Late Imperial China (1368–1895)

Question 75

Beginning with the New Culture Movement, Chinese artists started to adopt using Western techniques.

Answer 75

Modern painting

Question 76

Japanese calligraphy, or ukiyo-e, dates back to the 17th century and gained international recognition in the 19th. The literal translation into English is “images from the floating world.” The hedonistic lifestyle of the Japanese people during the Edo period and their stunning surroundings are the key themes of this artwork.

Answer 76

UKIYO-E (JAPANESE PRINT)

Question 77

4 Main Reasons for the Emergence of Ukiyo-e Art.

Answer 77

1. The unification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate.
2. The development of urban centers.
3. The “walling off” of pleasure centers in cities.
4. The mass distribution of woodprints.

Question 78

Practitioners of Ukiyo-e

Answer 78

1. Eshi –
2. Horishi –
3. Surishi –
4. Hanmoto –
5. Most Prominent Ukiyo –

Question 79

1. Eshi & Most Prominent Ukiyo

Answer 79

Artist

Question 80

Horishi

Answer 80

Woodblock Carver

Question 81

Surishi

Answer 81

Printer

Question 82

Hanmoto

Answer 82

Publisher

Question 83

A well-known Japanese artist who popularized ukiyo-e artworks. His father is a tradesman, while his mother is an embroiderer. His studies in academic painting and ornamental arts proved beneficial when he went to ukiyo-e.

Answer 83

Hishikawa Moronobu (1618-1694)

Question 84

was an artist from Japan. Among the most esteemed creators of ukiyo-e woodblock prints and paintings, he is primarily recognized for his bijin ōkubi-e, or “large-headed pictures of beautiful women”. His first pieces appeared in the 1770s. He became well-known around the beginning of the 1790s. He made more than 2000 recognized prints. He passed away two years after being detained and imprisoned for fifty days in 1804 for producing illicit prints that featured the military dictator Toyotomi Hideyoshi from the 16th century.

Answer 84

Kitagawa Utamaro (1753- 1806)

Question 85

The woodblock printmaking, manga, anime, and painting styles all carry on the ukiyo-e lineage. Ukiyo-e is acknowledged by art historians as a fundamental component of Eastern art and culture. Japanese ukiyo-e also had a significant influence on Impressionist and post-impressionist artists like Van Gogh. He attempted the Japanese idea of an artist community helping one another by drawing with a reed pen.

Answer 85

Legacy of Ukiyo-e

Question 86

• the entire period of Renaissance Art, from its earliest beginnings in the 14th century (trecento), through its golden age of the 15th century (quattrocento), to its distortion and decline in the 16th century (cinquecento).

Answer 86

Renaissance

Question 87

Much of the Renaissance, or Rinascimento, was aided by the independent city’s post-feudal expansion, as in the case of Italy and the southern Netherlands. These cities, which became affluent through trade and industry, usually featured democratic guild systems, but political democracy was usually restrained by a wealthy and influential person or family. Florence in the fifteenth century, the epicenter of Italian Renaissance art, and Bruges, one of the hubs of Flemish painting, are two excellent examples. They served as the two main foundations of European banking and trade. Under the support of the wealthy merchant class, the Church, and the Dukes of Burgundy in the Flemish capital, as well as the affluent Medici family in Florence, art and ornamental craft flourished

Answer 87

History of Renaissance Art

Question 88

• The art of the fourteenth century serves as a bridge between the new humanism of the Renaissance and the later Gothic art forms. Old Masters like Giotto, Duccio, and Andrea Pisano are important personalities.

Answer 88

Proto-Renaissance Art

Question 89

• An Italian phenomenon, but one that stems from a renewed appreciation of Classical Antiquity’s artistic legacy in a number of fields. The early period, which is centered on Florence, is marked by significant advancements in sculpture (Donatello), painting (Masaccio), and architecture (Brunelleshi).

Answer 89

Early Renaissance Art

Question 90

• Pope Leo X (1513–21) and Pope Julius II (1503–13) brought High Renaissance art to Rome. This era, dominated by Michelangelo (the Sistine Chapel’s Genesis fresco) and Raphael (the Vatican’s Raphael Rooms), is considered the pinnacle of Italian Renaissance style in all its assurance and confidence.

Answer 90

High Renaissance Art

Question 91

• Mirroring the incapacity of artists to surpass the ideal of the High Renaissance, Mannerism emerged at a time of growing political unpredictability. Occasionally called ‘contrived’ and ‘over the top

Answer 91

Mannerism

Question 92

• It is yet unknown what led to the revival of the visual arts. The 14th century in Europe saw several disastrous harvests, the Black Death (1346), and an ongoing war between England and France, despite the continent having emerged from the Dark Ages under Charlemagne (c. 800) and having witnessed the resurgence of the Christian Church with its 12th/13th-century Gothic style building program.

Answer 92

Causes of the Renaissance

Question 93

• Greater Prosperity The founding of the Hanseatic League of cities in Germany is proof that prosperity was also making its way to Northern Europe. Large-scale public and private art projects were being commissioned more frequently thanks to this rising wealth, and the trade channels that supported it tremendously aided in the dissemination of ideas and the expansion of the movement throughout the Continent.

Answer 93

Increased Prosperity

Question 94

• If political, social, and economic forces established the groundwork for the Renaissance, Italian artists’ skills propelled it along. the most significant designers, architects, sculptors, and painters.

Answer 94

Renaissance Artists

Question 95

• Creator of Mona Lisa, Last Supper.

Answer 95

✓ Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Question 96

• Genius painter & sculptor

Answer 96

✓ Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Question 97

• Best early Renaissance sculptor

Answer 97

✓ Donatello (1386-1466)

Question 98

• Greatest High Renaissance painter.
Renaissance Painting Techniques

Answer 98

✓ Raphael (1483-1520)

Question 99

Who are the Renaissance Artists

Answer 99

✓ Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

✓ Michelangelo (1475-1564)

✓ Donatello (1386-1466)

✓ Raphael (1483-1520)

Question 100

What are the Renaissance Painting Techniques?

Answer 100

✓ Linear Perspective
✓ Foreshortening
✓ Quadratura
✓ Sfumato

Question 101

• Example: Flagellation of Christ by Piero della Francesca

Answer 101

✓ Linear Perspective

Question 102

• Example: Lamentation over the Dead Christ by Mantegna.

Answer 102

✓ Foreshortening

Question 103

✓
• Example: Camera degli Sposi frescoes by Mantegna.

Answer 103

Quadratura

Question 104

✓
• Example: Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vince

Answer 104

Sfumato

Question 105

” (derived from the Italian word ‘maniera’ meaning style or stylishness) refers to a style of painting, sculpture and (to a lesser extent) architecture, that emerged in Rome and Florence between 1510 and 1520, during the later years of the High Renaissance. It acts as a bridge between the idealized style of Renaissance art and the dramatic theatricality of the Baroque.

Answer 105

Mannerism

Question 106

Michelangelo (1475–1564),
Correggio (1489–1534),
Jacopo da Pontormo (1494–1556)
Rosso Fiorentino (1494–1540);
Parmigianino (1503–40),
Agnolo Bronzino (1503–72),
Venus and Cupid (1540–50)
Giorgio Vasari (1511–74),

Answer 106

Mannerist Painters

Question 107

which was more expressive than its Renaissance counterpart.
Giambologna (1529-1608),
Benvenuto Cellini (1500-71),
Alonso Berruguete (c.1486-1561),
Juan de Juni (1507-1577),
Francesco Primaticcio (1504- 1570),
Jean Goujon (c.1510-68),
Germain Pilon (1529-1590),
Barthelemy Prieur (1536- 1611)
Adriaen de Vries (1560-1626)

Answer 107

Mannerist Sculpture

Question 108

” comes from the Italian word “barocco,” which means “bizarre.” The 17th and 18th centuries saw the emergence of the baroque painting movement in Europe. Grandeur, sensual richness, drama, vigor, movement, tension, emotional exuberance, and a propensity to blur the lines between the many arts were characteristics of Baroque painting. Its manifestations are driven by a need to arouse emotions through sensory appeals, frequently in spectacular ways.

Answer 108

Baroque

Question 109

What are the Different Baroque Arts

Answer 109

• Baroque architecture
• Baroque painting
• Baroque sculpture
• Baroque music

Question 110

is distinguished by its opulence, sensual richness, and theatrical emphasis. It frequently has a lot of detailed decoration, and to give the impression of movement and infinity, methods like trompe l’oeil, quadrature, and quadro riportato are employed.

Answer 110

• Baroque architecture

Question 111

is renowned for its use of illusionism, tenebrism, and chiaroscuro. It has a strong emphasis on dramatic contrasts, emotion, and suspense, frequently showing the instant before an event occurs rather than the event itself. The Netherlands, Italy, and Spain produced most the world’s notable Baroque painters.

Answer 111

• Baroque painting

Question 112

places a strong emphasis on movement, dramatic realism, profound emotion, and sensory richness. Figures are typically intended to be viewed in the round from various angles, spiraling outward from a core vortex and reaching into the surrounding area.

Answer 112

• Baroque sculpture

Question 113

was a time of experimentation and invention, when new forms were created, including the concerto and sinfonia. At the close of the 16th century, opera originated in Italy and quickly expanded throughout Europe. Also lacked harmony and had an overabundance of modulations and dissonance

Answer 113

• Baroque music

Question 114

This is the time when Baroque meets Classical. Known by another name, “Late Baroque,” this highly ornamental and dramatic architectural, artistic, and decorative style employs trompe-l’oeil frescoes, carved molding, gilding, scrolling curves, white and pastel colors, and asymmetry to give an air of surprise and drama. It is frequently referred to as the Baroque movement’s ultimate expression.

Answer 114

Rococo (1800-1850)

Question 115

• In addition to shell forms and other natural shapes, the walls, ceilings, and moldings were embellished with a delicate interlacing of curves and counter-curves based on the basic shapes of the “C” and the “S.” The design ethos was one of asymmetry. The main color schemes were light pastels, ivory white, and gold, and mirrors were widely used by Rococo decorators to increase the impression of open space.

Answer 115

Architecture

Question 116

• extensive use of curving lines and decoration. Themes are not political; they are lighthearted, even humorous. themes of youth, playfulness, love, and classical myths. Rich and delicate brushwork, a relatively light tonal key, sensual coloring, and carefree, whimsical interpretations of mythical and romantic themes were the hallmarks of French Rococo painting in general.

Answer 116

Painting

Question 117

• Rococo sculpture was distinguished by its realistic naturalism, diverse surface effects, and intimate scale. Very fragile porcelain is used in Rococo sculpture rather than marble or any heavier material. The rococo sculpture exuded a sense of movement in all directions and was sensual, dramatic, and energetic.

Answer 117

Sculpture

Question 118

is characterized too as being in the gallant style, which substituted more straightforward homophony melodies for the complex polyphonic melodies of the Baroque era. One way to describe rococo music is as light, personal music with very ornate and sophisticated embellishment.

Answer 118

Rococo music

Question 119

• Baroque art is characterized by a serious, more provocative mood, while Rococo art has a more demure, very beautiful, feminine aura.

Answer 119

Difference between Baroque and Rococo arts
Mood

Question 120

• Baroque art often depicts dramatic scenes with intense emotions and heightened tension, while Rococo art typically depicts scenes of youth, love, and nature.

Answer 120

Difference between Baroque and Rococo arts Subject matter

Question 121

Baroque art often features symmetrical designs with strong contrasts between light and shadow, while Rococo art often features asymmetrical designs with delicate interlacing of curves and counter curves.
▪

Answer 121

Difference between Baroque and Rococo arts
Design

Question 122

• Baroque art makes use of deep, rich ________ to create a sense of drama and intensity, while Rococo art makes use of light pastels, ivory white, and gold as the predominant colors.

Answer 122

Difference between Baroque and Rococo arts
Colors