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Honors Bio > Midterms Based > Flashcards

Midterms Based Flashcards

1
Q

A group of prokaryotic organisms distinct from Bacteria

A

Archaea

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2
Q

Describe the levels of biological organization from molecules to organisms

A

Molecules - Organelles - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems - Organisms

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3
Q

Describe the levels of biological organization from populations to the biosphere.

A

Populations - Communities - Ecosystem - Biosphere

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4
Q

What are the two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A
  1. Prokayrotic cells have no membrane-bound nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do.
  2. Prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotes do.
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5
Q

What is the difference between the dynamics of nutrients and energy in an ecosystem?

A

Nutrients are recycled in the ecosystem while energy is lost from the ecosystem to the universe at large

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6
Q

Systems biology vs Reductionist biology

A

Reductionism tries to explain biology by examining its component parts, whereas systems biology claims that there are emergent properties which exist but do not appear while only examining component parts.

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7
Q

How does DNA encode a cell’s information?

A

Through the sequence of the nucleotides along each strand

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8
Q

What are the three multicellular kingdoms within Eukarya?

A

Animalia, Fungi, Plantae

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9
Q

How do Fungi obtain their food?

A

Decomposing organic waste and absorbing the nutrients into their cells

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10
Q

What is the difference between a hypothesis and scientific theory?

A

A hypothesis is made before any data has been collected, and a theory explains existing data

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11
Q

Give examples of producers.

A

Protists, Plantae

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12
Q

What are the nucleotides in DNA?

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

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13
Q

What are the nucleotides in RNA?

A

Adenosine, cytosine, uracil, guanine

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14
Q

The process by which animals and plants are breaded to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits

A

Artificial selection

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15
Q

A substance that donates hydrogen ions to a solution

A

Acid

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16
Q

The tendency of two kinds of molecules of the same kind to stick together

A

Adhesion

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17
Q

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

A

Atom

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18
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means

A

Element

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19
Q

What is the atomic mass determined by?

A

The mass of the protons and neutrons

20
Q

A substance consisting of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio

A

Compound

21
Q

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

A

Base

22
Q

What is the atomic number determined by?

A

The number of protons

23
Q

Why is iron important in a diet?

A

Because without iron, your body cannot transport oxygen

24
Q

Why is iodine important in a diet?

A

Because without iodine, your body will lack the ability to produce thyroid hormones

25
Q

Why is fluorine important in a diet?

A

It helps reduce tooth decay

26
Q

The number of _____ determines the chemical properties of an element

A

electrons

27
Q

A substance that minimizes changes in pH

A

Buffer

28
Q

Buffers _____ H+ when it is in excess and _____ H+ when it is depleted

A

accept, donate

29
Q

What are examples of strong bonds?

A

Covalent bonds and ionic bonds

30
Q

What are examples of weak bonds?

A

Van der waal interactions and hydrogen bonds

31
Q

The substance dissolved in the solution

A

Solute

32
Q

The substance in which the solute is dissolved

A

Solvent

33
Q

The thermal energy in transfer from a warmer to a colder body of matter

A

Heat

34
Q

How does sweating help to cool the body?

A

Sweating helps cool your body by getting rid of excess heat

35
Q

Measure of the intensity of heat

A

Temperature

36
Q

Element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

37
Q

What is the danger of radioactive isotopes?

A

It can lead to damage in molecules of DNA

38
Q

How does the electron configuration of an atom influence its chemical behavior?

A

The number of electrons in the outermost shell determines how atoms react with other atoms

39
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A weak chemical bond formed between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

40
Q

What do chemical reactions do?

A

Rearrange matter

41
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

42
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen

43
Q

The measure of how difficult it is to stretch and break the surface of a liquid

A

Surface tension

44
Q

Chain of carbon atoms that can differ in length

A

Carbon skeleton

45
Q

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A

ASZDWEFXRTG456E3Q21Waesrd4t543qw2

46
Q

Compound with same formula but different structural arrangements

A

Isomer

47
Q

What is the function of lipid molecules?

A

Store energy and waterproof coverings

Honors Bio (21 decks)

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