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History GCSE WES > Migration c790 to the present day, Part One: Conquered and Conquerors > Flashcards

Migration c790 to the present day, Part One: Conquered and Conquerors Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes arrive?

A

Around 400AD

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2
Q

Which tribes came to Britain in 400AD?

A

The Angles, Saxons and Jutes.

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3
Q

What was the religion of the Anglo-Saxons?

A

Christianity

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4
Q

By which year had most of the Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity?

A

800AD

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5
Q

When did the Vikings start invading Britain?

A

In the 790s

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6
Q

Why did Vikings invade Britain?

A

They knew how wealthy it had become, and the land was more fertile in Britain than in Scandinavia.

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7
Q

When did the raid of Lindisfarne happen?

A

793AD

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8
Q

Where was Lindisfarne?

A

In Northumbria

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9
Q

What happened to the monastery at Lindisfarne?

A

It was plundered and pillaged.

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10
Q

What happened to the monks at Lindisfarne?

A

They were killed or driven away

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11
Q

When did Alfred become king?

A

871

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12
Q

What was Alfred king of?

A

Wessex

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13
Q

How old was Alfred when he became king?

A

22yo

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14
Q

By 876, what territories had the Vikings conquered?

A

Northumbria, East Anglia and most of Mercia

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15
Q

When do the Vikings start to attack Wessex?

A

876

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16
Q

When was the Battle of Edington?

A

May 878

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17
Q

What is the outcome of the Battle of Edington?

A

The Vikings are beaten by Alfred and his army.

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18
Q

Who fought who at the Battle of Edington?

A

Alfred and his army against the Vikings.

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19
Q

What do the two sides agree to after the Battle of Edington?

A

They agree on peace terms: Guthrum would become a Christian and promise never to attack Wessex again.

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20
Q

What was the name of the Viking leader?

A

Guthrum

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21
Q

What was the name of the territory the Vikings controlled?

A

The Danelaw

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22
Q

When did Alfred’s reign start and end?

A

871-899

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23
Q

What shows there was peace between Wessex and the Danelaw?

A

They traded, and Vikings and Anglo-Saxons intermarried.

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24
Q

What did other kingdoms in Britain recognise Alfred as?

A

They acknowledged him as ‘overlord’.

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25
Q

What did Anglo-Saxons begin to call themselves?

(At the end of the Ninth Century)

A

They called themselves Angelcynn

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26
Q

How long did it take for the Anglo-Saxons to get rid of the Vikings?

A

Only by 959 was the country as it was before.

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27
Q

When did Edgar the Peaceful die?

A

975

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28
Q

Who became king in 978?

A

Aethelred

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29
Q

Why did Aethelred become king?

A

His supporters murdered his half-brother, Edward.

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30
Q

When did Aethelred become king?

A

978

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31
Q

When did Aethelred’s reign end?

A

1013

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32
Q

When did Sven Forkbeard invade England?

A

991

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33
Q

Who led the Viking army in 991?

A

Dane Sven Forkbeard and Norwegian Olaf Tryggvason

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34
Q

Where did the Vikings land in 991?

A

Folkstone

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35
Q

How many ships did the Vikings have in 991?

A

90

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36
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Maldon?

A

The English were defeated by the Vikings.

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37
Q

When was the Battle of Maldon?

A

991

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38
Q

What did Aethelred do to keep the Vikings away?

A

He paid them

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39
Q

What was the money paid to the Vikings called?

A

Danegeld

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40
Q

Why did the Danegeld make the English angry?

A

Taxes were raised to pay for it.

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41
Q

What did Aethelred do to stop paying the Danegeld?

A

He made a deal with the Normans to support each other against Viking invasions. This made it easier to defend.

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42
Q

What happened in November 1002?

A

St Brice’s Day Massacre

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43
Q

What was the St Brice’s Day Massacre?

A

The mass killing of all Viking men, women and children found south of the Danelaw.

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44
Q

What is the Vikings’ reaction to the St Brice’s Day Massacre?

A

They are angered and prepare to invade England.

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45
Q

Who leads the Viking invasion of England in 1013?

A

Sven Forkbeard

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46
Q

Why is Sven Forkbeard angry?

A

His sister has been murdered in the massacre.

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47
Q

Is the Viking invasion successful?

A

Yes. Aethelred flees.

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48
Q

When does Forkbeard die?

A

1014

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49
Q

Who succeeds Forkbeard?

A

Cnut, Forkbeard’s son

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50
Q

When does Aethelred come back to England?

A

1014

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51
Q

What does Aethelred demand from Cnut?

A

That he go back to Denmark. Aethelred is back on the throne.

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52
Q

When do the rebellions against Aethelred start?

A

Around 1014

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53
Q

When does Aethelred die?

A

April 1016

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54
Q

Who succeeds Aethelred?

A

His son Edmund

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55
Q

What happens October 1016?

A

Cnut beats Edmund at the Battle of Assandun in Essex.

56
Q

What do Cnut and Edmund agree to?

A
  • Wessex will belong to Edmund
  • The rest of the country will be led by Cnut
  • When one of them dies the other will inherit the land.
57
Q

When does Edmund die?

A

A month after the deal is done with Cnut.

58
Q

When does Cnut become king of all of England?

A

By the end of 1016, Cnut is king of all of England.

59
Q

What lands did king Cnut inherit after becoming king of England?

A

Soon after, he inherited the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, and parts of Sweden.

60
Q

What is Cnut’s land commonly referred to as?

A

The North Sea Empire.

61
Q

Who did Cnut marry?

A

Emma of Normandy

62
Q

Who were Emma of Normandy’s children?

A

Edward the Confessor (with Aethelred) and Harthacnut (with Cnut)

63
Q

Who was Emma of Normandy?

A

Sister to the Duke of Normandy and Aethelred’s widow.

64
Q

What was Emma of Normandy’s significance?

A

She was a strong leader who was respected and listened to. She improved relations with the Church and helped to bring peace to England.

65
Q

When did Cnut die?

A

1035

66
Q

Who succeeded Cnut after his death?

A

His son Harthacnut

67
Q

When did Harthacnut die?

A

1042

68
Q

Who succeeded Harthacnut after his death?

A

Edward the Confessor

69
Q

When did Edward the Confessor become king?

A

1042

70
Q

What day did Edward the Confessor die?

A

5th January 1066

71
Q

When did William the Conqueror die?

A

1087

72
Q

Who became king upon Edward’s death in 1066?

A

Harold Godwinson

73
Q

When did William defeat Harold?

A

14th October 1066

74
Q

How was William’s kingdom distributed among his sons upon his death?

A

William’s eldest son Robert got Normandy.
His son William got England.
His youngest son Henry got 5000 pounds in silver.

75
Q

When did William II die?

A

In 1100

76
Q

How did William II die?

A

Under mysterious circumstances in a ‘hunting accident’. Speculated to be an assassination as he was shot in the chest.

77
Q

Who did Henry want to succeed him after his death?

A

He wanted his daughter, Matilda, to become Queen.

78
Q

Who succeeded Henry after his death?

A

A powerful noble, Stephen seized the throne.

79
Q

How did Matilda react after Stephen took the throne?

A

She fought back in a series of battles for the next 19 years.

80
Q

What agreement was reached between Matilda and Stephen? When?

A

In 1053, they agreed Matilda’s son, Henry, would become king after Stephen’s death.

81
Q

When did Stephen die?

A

October 1154

82
Q

How did Henry acquire the territories of Maine, Anjou and Normandy?

A

From his father, Geoffrey Plantagenet. He inherited Maine and Anjou from his father, and conquered Normandy in 1144.

83
Q

Who was Matilda married to?

A

Geoffrey of Anjou (Plantagenet)

84
Q

When did Henry II marry Eleanor of Aquitaine?

A

In 1152

85
Q

Who did Henry II marry?

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine.

86
Q

What territories did Henry II control in 1152?

A

England, Normandy, Maine, Anjou and Aquitaine.

87
Q

When did the invasion of Ireland start?

A

1166

88
Q

How did Henry II get involved in Ireland?

A

King Dermot of Leinster asked Henry for help against another king. The knights and barons sent seized land for themselves.

89
Q

How much land did the English have in Ireland?

A

By the mid-1170s, the English owned more land than the Irish.

90
Q

What did Henry II do in Ireland?

A

He built more fortifications and developed Diblin as a centre of trade and commerce.

91
Q

When did Henry II die?

A

1189

92
Q

Who became king when Henry died?

A

His son Richard

93
Q

What land did Richard lose?

A

Normandy and Anjou

94
Q

When was Normandy and Anjou invaded?

A

1193 - 94.

95
Q

Who invaded Normandy and Anjou?

A

Philip II of France

96
Q

When does Richard I die?

A

1199

97
Q

Who becomes king after Richard?

A

His brother John

98
Q

How does the Angevin Empire start to crumble?

A

John made bad decisions and ran out of money at a crucial time.

99
Q

What territories did Philip II capture under John’s reign?

A

By 1214, John had lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine, and moat of Aqutaine, with only Gascony left.

100
Q

When does John die?

A

1216

101
Q

What does the death of John Mark thr end of?

A

The end of the Angevin Empire.

102
Q

Why were the English Barons angry with John?

A

John raised taxes to pay for battles to take the land he lost in France back.

103
Q

What did the barons do to confront John?

A

They raised an army and occupied London until he accepted their demands.

104
Q

When was the Magna Carta signed?

A

1215

105
Q

What did the Magna Carta entail?

A

It forced the king to respect the rights of the barons and to stop unfair taxes.

106
Q

Who signed the Magna Carta?

A

John I

107
Q

What was John’s nickname?

A

‘Softsword’

108
Q

Why we John called ‘Softsword’?

A

He was a poor military leader.

109
Q

When did the Hundred Years War start?

A

1337

110
Q

What economic causes were there for the Hundred Years War?

A

The French king threatened to invade Gascony, where wine was made, and Flanders, where British wool was sold and turned into cloth.

111
Q

What social causes were there of the Hundred Years War?

A

If the people of Britain lost the wool trade, they would have to pay much higher taxes.

112
Q

What political causes were there to the Hundred Years War?

A
  • The English king thought he had a better claim to the French throne than the French king.
  • The French had offered to help the Scots, with which the English were in conflict at the time.
113
Q

When did the first stage of the Hundred Years War start and end?

A

1337 - 60

114
Q

What famous battles were there in the first stage?

A

Battle of Crecy and Poitiers

115
Q

What territory did Edward get control of in the first stage?

A

Gascony, Calais, part of Aquitaine

116
Q

When was the Battle of Crecy?

A

1346

117
Q

When was the Battle of Poitiers?

A

1356

118
Q

At what battle was the French king captured?

A

Battle of Poitiers

119
Q

What was the consequence of the French king being captured?

A

The French had to surrender extensive lands to the English.

120
Q

What important battles did the English win in the first stage?

A

Battle of Crecy, Poitiers.

121
Q

When was the second stage of the Hundred Years War?

A

1370

122
Q

What happened in the second stage of the Hundred Years War?

A

The french took back some of the land they had lost.

123
Q

When did the third stage of the Hundred Years War start and end?

A

1413 - 53

124
Q

Who was the king of England for the first and second stages of the Hundred Years War?

A

Edward III

125
Q

Who was the king of England for the third stage of the Hundred Years War?

A

Henry V

126
Q

When was the Battle of Agincourt?

A

1415

127
Q

Who won the Battle of Agincourt?

A

The French were defeated

128
Q

What did Henry V do after the Battle of Agincourt?

A

He went on to conquer Normandy and tighten his grip on France.

129
Q

What happened in 1422?

A

Henry V died

130
Q

When did Henry V die?

A

1422

131
Q

Who became king after Henry V?

A

Henry VI, his son

132
Q

How did Henry VI fare against the French?

A

The French got back most of their land.

133
Q

Short term consequences of the Hundred Years War?

A
  • Soldiers and civilians on both sides killed.
  • Areas of France devastated with buildings and crops destroyed.
134
Q

Medium term consequences of the Hundred Years War?

A
  • France unified under one king
  • England lost wealth and territories, such as Normandy
  • Gunpowder, canons and handguns were used more in battle
135
Q

Long term consequences of the Hundred Years War?

A
  • Increased nationalist feeling in both France and England
  • English identity developed - the country began to see itself apart from Europe, having a common language and homeland.

History GCSE WES (12 decks)

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