migration identity and sovereignty

Question 1

eq3 - what is the UN

Answer 1

the first post 1945 IGO, to replace league of nations - usa, uk , ussr china and france became 5 permenant members.
to keep global peace and stability, reducing tensions after the world wars. its success can be analyses as mixed

Question 2

how does the un intervene

Answer 2

• direct military intervention > bosnia srebrenia, Rwanda
• multilaterally
• unilaterally >falklands war, war on terror saddam hussain

Question 3

case studies of un inervention

Answer 3

direct military interventions > bosnia
> srebrenia

Question 4

define wto, wb and imf

Answer 4

imf - members pay variable *, depending on pouationa dn gross national income. the high percent paid the mre power in decision making
wto - members agree to terms, open trade barriers and promotes neo-liberal economics
wb - this gathers moneyfrom the members to give loands to poorer countries / invest into them

Question 5

case study - HIPC Uganda, success?

Answer 5

hipc are 37, they are unable to pay ther loas bac (30 of which sub saheran africa). so agree to terms from imf and wb, to make the loans as sustainble to encourage them to be paid back, criticism of this is that they dont cancell the debt just esure its paid back.
uganda - in 1992 has US$1.9 billion in debt, became one of the first countries in 2000 subjected to the HIPC initiative. impacts - gov spending rose by 20%, (40 more on education and 70 more healthcare). school attendence rose to 93% in 2015, previously had been 62%. the gender inequality decreased to only 2% difference in girls and boys attending schools in 2015 use to be 20% more boys.
although, education and income on dometic products (economic sovereignty) has been as success, it could be said that it still hasnt reached everywhere, 24% people malnourished sill

Question 6

eq4 how can disunity arisee with nations

Answer 6

can arise due to strong ntionlalist movements within states, political tensions within emerging nations because of winners and losers from globalisation, and when states ‘fail’

Question 7

how do independence movement create disunity + case study

Answer 7

this comes from regions creating pressure for indenndence, it can often come in the form of political movements. states often thenn devlove powers to the regions in responce. there can be ethnic dimensions to these
- scotland > In 2014, a referendum was held in which
45% of voters voted for independence
whilst the remaining 55% voted against
independence from the UK.
This has caused great division between the
population, especially regarding politics.Scotland’s income predominantly comes
from oil and gas in the North Sea but as oil
prices are very low, independence may be
very costly as the Scottish wouldn’t have
reliable sources of government revenue.
Support for another referendum is rising
since Brexit

• catalonia > wealthiest region, produce 20% of spains wealth, have own language + customs. there is s strong sense of nationalism amoungs many people from catalonia 2017, the Catalonian government
  held a referendum in which more than 90%
  of voters wanted independence. However,
  the vote was seen as illegal by the Spanish
  government and thus wasn’t recognised
  officially