Milgrams Studies of Obedience

Question 1

What is obedience?

Answer 1

Complying with an order or request from legitimate authority.

Question 2

What is destructive obedience?

Answer 2

When obeying an order has negative consequences, the outcome endangering or harming others.

Question 3

What was Milgram (1963) aim?

Answer 3

To observe whether people would obey a figure of authority when told to warm a person
To measure destructive obedience

Question 4

how was Milgrams sample recruited

Answer 4

They were recruited through volunteer sampling
Milgram posted newspaper ads and they were paid $4 for turning up to a “study of memory”.

Question 5

What did Milgram’s participants consist of?

Answer 5

40 males aged between 20 and 50

Question 6

Participant is given role of _______ and confederat is given the role of _______

Answer 6

Participant is given role of Teacher and confederat is given the role of learner

Question 7

Role of learner

Answer 7

1) Learner is taken to a room with electrodes attached to arms
2) learner to answer question
Incorrect = shock given

Question 8

Role of Teacher?

Answer 8

1) Teacher to ask question
2) to administrate shocks
3> they were assessed on how many shocks they give

Question 9

How much did the voltage of the shocks go up to.

Answer 9

30 switches 15v increases ranging from 15 (slight shock) to 450 ( lethal)

Question 10

Role of experimenter

Answer 10

To give orders ‘ prods’ to ensure the teacher continued

Question 11

What were the prods

Answer 11

The first 3 demanded obedience to science.the finall specifically to the confederate.

Question 12

milgram results

Answer 12

100% went to 350V
65% went to 450V
Subjects showed tension and one had a fit

Question 13

what was milgrams variation 7 aim

Answer 13

proximity
to see if having the experimenter in the room affected the levels of obedience. telephonic instructions give.

Question 14

milgram variation 7 procedure

Answer 14

experimenter out of sight
telephonic instructions given

Question 15

milgram variation 7 results

Answer 15

22.5% obedience
some pp’s lied about giving increases in voltage and did not confess

Question 16

milgram variation 7 conclusion

Answer 16

physical presence is an important force, without it it is easier not to obey

Question 17

what was milgrams variation 10 aim

Answer 17

location
to see if the outcome would be similar if the study took place in a run down office block rather than yale university ( prestigious)

Question 18

milgrams variation 10 procedure

Answer 18

experiment relocated. All links to Yale university removed. same procedure followed. same personnel and similar sample.

Question 19

milgrams variation 10 results

Answer 19

47.5% obeyed
Milgram didnt think it was a significant decrease

Question 20

milgrams variation 13 aim

Answer 20

uniform
to see if an order given by someone without authority is followed

Question 21

milgrams variation 13 procedure

Answer 21

Experimenter is replaced with an accomplice who suggests increasing shocks per mistake made

Question 22

milgrams variation 13 results

Answer 22

20% maximum obedience.
when pp’s refused, a role reverse was suggester, 16/20 watched and protested. 5 physically tried to stop them

Question 23

milgrams variation 13 conclusion

Answer 23

levels of obedience fell dramatically when person who is giving orders has no perceived authority.

Question 24

Milgram: Generalisability

Answer 24

not generalisable
all male, all american, time locked

Question 25

Milgram: Replicable

Answer 25

very reliable becaise it can be replicated
standardised procedure

Question 26

Milgram: Objectivity

Answer 26

high objectivity, findings were not open to interpretation
therefore milgrams expectations could not affect the results

Question 27

Milgram: Validity

Answer 27

lacks ecological validity - artificial, bizzare task

Question 28

what were the ethical issues

Answer 28

pps showed distress ( principle of responsibility )
pps did not give fully informed consent

Question 29

how did milgram deceive his pps

Answer 29

the pps thought:
victim was receiving real shocks
exp was about memory and learning rather than obedience
they could have been victims
the victim was a pp

Question 30

ways in which milgram was ethical

Answer 30

debreifed all pps ensuring they left in a reasonable frame of mind
right to withdraw given
he observed pps through a mirror
he checked his compotence