Minerals Flashcards
Calcium:
Calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth, healthy nerves and muscles and blood clotting - growing children need calcium every day to help build strong bones and teeth (see p. 12).
It’s found in milk, cheese, tofu, green leafy vegetables, hard water and sesame seeds.
Too much calcium is rare, but any excess is stored in organs like the kidneys - this an increase the risk of kidney stones and could even stop the kidneys working.
Too little caleium during childhood can lead to problems such as rickets and osteoporosis (see p.15) because bones become weaker. It can also slow down blood clotting.
Iron:
Iron is needed to form part of the haemoglobin which gives blood cells their red colour.
It’s found in dark green vegetables (e.g. spinach) and meat (especially liver and kidney).
Too much iron is toxic (poisonous) and can cause stomach pains, nausea and constipation. In extreme cases it can even cause death. us st Too little iron causes a deficiency disease called anaemia (see p.14).
Sodium:
Sodium chloride (salt) controls the body’s water content and helps our nerves and muscles to function.
It’s found in most foods - many people add it to food as well.
Too much salt is bad for you - it can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease.
Most people in the UK eat too much salt in their diet.
Too little salt can cause nausea and muscle cramps.
Phosphorus:
Phosphorus is needed for healthy bones and teeth.
It’s found in protein-rich foods like meat, fish, dairy products, nuts, beans and cereals.
Too much phosphorus can make it harder to absorb calcium.
Too little phosphorus can lead to weak muscles and painful bones.
Minerals:
Minerals are chemical elements that our bodies need in small amounte. They help in various chemical reactions in our body and are needed for a variety of reasons.
Where can minerals and trace elements be taken in through?
In addition to food, minerals and trace elements on be taken in through multivitamin supplements (p.66).
