minerals

Question 1

5 characteristics of minerals

Answer 1

occur naturally, form from an inorganic process, solid, crystalline structure, definite chemical composition

Question 2

properties of a mineral

Answer 2

internal atomic structure, color, streak, luster, hardness, breakage, density, crystalline structure

Question 3

internal atomic structure def?

Answer 3

determines its properties

Question 4

color def?

Answer 4

the minerals color

Question 5

streak def?

Answer 5

the color of the minerals powder when rubbed on a streak plate

Question 6

luster def?

Answer 6

the way the mineral shines/reflects light

Question 7

hardness def?

Answer 7

how easily a mineral is scratched

Question 8

breakage def?

Answer 8

how it breaks (cleavage or fracture).

Question 9

density def?

Answer 9

(specific gravity) how tightly packed the particles of a mineral are for a given volume compared to water

Question 10

crystalline structure def?

Answer 10

the atoms line up in a repeating pattern, flat sides called faces meet at sharp edges and corners.

Question 11

what is the softest mineral?

Answer 11

talc

Question 12

what mineral is the hardest?

Answer 12

diamond

Question 13

how do we calculate density?

Answer 13

mass/volume

Question 14

why is color not a reliable mineral property for identifying minerals?

Answer 14

because certain minerals can be different colors, for example, quartz is never the same color

Question 15

list and describes three ways that minerals form

Answer 15

water evaporates leaving minerals behind, they dissolve and crystallize, cooling magma ad lava, organic processes

Question 16

what causes crystals to be different sizes?

Question 17

what are the different types of rocks?

Answer 17

sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous

Question 18

how do sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 18

when rock particles get pressed and cemented together

Question 19

how do igneous rocks form?

Answer 19

by cooling of magma

Question 20

how do metamorphic rocks form?

Answer 20

by heat and pressure

Question 21

what is the most common type of rock at the surface?

Answer 21

sedimentary

Question 22

what are the three types of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 22

clastic, chemical, bioclastic

Question 23

what are clastic sedimentary rocks formed from?

Answer 23

weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, compression, compaction, cementation

Question 24

what are chemical sedimentary rocks formed from?

Answer 24

dissolved minerals that precipitate

Question 25

what are bioclastic sedimentary rocks formed from?

Answer 25

dead plants and animals, made of carbon

Question 26

_________ creates sediment

Answer 26

weathering

Question 27

______ moves the sediment to a new location

Answer 27

erosion

Question 28

_____ drops the sediment off at that new location

Answer 28

deposition

Question 29

_____ the sediment is covered by more sediment

Answer 29

burial

Question 30

_____ and ______ squish the sediment

Answer 30

compression; compaction

Question 31

______ or ______ glues the sediment together

Answer 31

cementation; lithification

Question 32

clastic sedimentary rocks are organized by ______ or particle ______

Question 33

what is some evidence of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 33

fragments of sediment, fossils and remains of organisms, ripple marks from waves , polymineralic.

Question 34

where do sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 34

in or near water

Question 35

how do chemical rocks form?

Answer 35

dissolved minerals evaporate

Question 36

what is an example rock for chemical sedimentary?

Answer 36

limestone, made up of mineral calcite

Question 37

metamorphic sedimentary rocks are the most ______, they are changed without _______, they are organized by ________.

Answer 37

dense, melting, foliated.

Question 38

foliated rocks are formed from from intense _____. we can see _________, _________, or ________.
examples are: ________________

Answer 38

pressure; mineral alignment; banding; layers; slate (banding), gneiss (minerals alignment), schist

Question 39

non foliated metamorphic rocks are formed from intense _______ from magma. Does not show ____________, ___________ or ___________ example rocks:___________

Answer 39

heat; mineral alignment; banding; layers; marble (formed from limestone), quartzite (formed from sandstone).

Question 40

how do igneous rocks form?

Answer 40

melting of rock creates magma and lava. the molten material the crystallizes and solidifies creating igneous rock

Question 41

igneous rocks make up most of the_______

Answer 41

earth’s crust

Question 42

igneous rocks are organized by _____________

Answer 42

intrusive/extrusive-crystals, holes, glassy

Question 43

intrusive rocks form ______ with in the earth. magma cools_________. This creates __________ crystals which we call _______ grained. example rocks:___________

Answer 43

deep; slowly; large; coarse; granite, diorite

Question 44

extrusive rocks form on ___________ of the earth. lava cools __________. this creates_________ crystals which we call ______ grained. some rocks have no crystals which creates a _________ texture. some rocks have holes that are left from gas bubbles in the lava this is called _________ texture. example rocks:__________

Answer 44

surface; fast; fine; glassy; vesicular; basalt, obsidian, rhyolite.

Question 45

place the grain sizes in order from largest to smallest (clay, pebble, sand, silt)

Answer 45

pebble, sand , silt, clay

Question 46

how does the rock cycle work????

Answer 46

sediments decompose and solidify into sedimentary rocks, heat and pressure turns sedimentary into metamorphic, metamorphic rocks melt and turn into magma, magma cools and turns solid into igneous rocks, then weathering and erosion turns igneous rocks back into sediments and the cycle keeps repeating.