[MND] Cognition & Perception

Question 1

What is the requirement for attention?

Answer 1

‘Arousal’

Question 2

Attention is

Answer 2

Selecting and focusing on relevant incoming stimuli in the environment

Question 3

What are the 2 types of attention?

Answer 3

1) Spatial Attention

2) Attention in Action & Behaviour

Question 4

Spatial attention is dominant in the ______ hemisphere

Answer 4

right

Question 5

Where in the brain mainly is ‘spatial representation and processing spatial information’?

Answer 5

Right parietal lobe

Question 6

In terms of severity, spatial attention deficits can range from

Answer 6

Mild inattention (reduced attention sometimes, i.e. in complex situations) to neglect (never responds to stimuli on affected side/environment)

Question 7

What are the theories of unilateral neglect?

Answer 7

1) Attentional system is out of balance (unaffected cortex over-rides the affected cortex)
2) Person may lose representation of the left space (person no longer has knowledge it exists)

Question 8

Define unilateral neglect

Answer 8

Patients fails to attend or respond to meaningful stimuli on the affected side of the body or environment that side. This failure cannot be explained by sensory or motor deficits.

Question 9

Motor neglect is an observed behaviour and is when

Answer 9

The person doesn’t spontaneously use the affected limb in bi-manual tasks and can’t be explained by sensory or motor deficits

Question 10

Extinction is an observed behaviour when testing people who have neglect. This refers to:

Answer 10

A person identifying stimuli presented on each side separately.

When provided stimuli on both sides simultaneously fails to attend to stimulus on affected side

Question 11

A person may show varying degrees of unilateral neglect ranging from

Answer 11

mild inattention to neglect

Question 12

The Catherine Bergego Scale is a

Answer 12

Functional test to assess inattention/unilateral neglect

Question 13

What are three simple tests to assess inattention/neglect?

Answer 13

1) Star Cancellation Test
2) Figure & Shape Copying Tests
3) Drawing Tests (i.e. drawing a clock)

Question 14

Briefly, what are the 7 ways to treat spatial inattention/neglect?

Answer 14

1) modify environment
2) visual scanning training
3) eye patching
4) trunk rotation
5) limb activation
6) task related training
7) mirror therapy

Question 15

Attention in action and behaviour refers to

Answer 15

Staying on task despite distractions

Question 16

Perception is defined as

Answer 16

The process of turning sensory information into meaningful representations which are used to interact with the environment

Question 17

Perception is a cognitive function that takes place in

Answer 17

the association areas of the parietal, temporal & occipital lobes

Question 18

The ______ hemisphere is dominant for perception because of its role in spatial and mental representation

Answer 18

Right

Question 19

What happens in perceptual disorders?

Answer 19

Patient has impaired recognition or impaired spatial appreciation of stimuli despite the fact that sensory input is intact

Question 20

Visual perception deficits cause confusion in:

Answer 20

1. Spatial Relations ( how objects around us relate to each other and to ourselves)
2. Geographical Orientation (finding our way in familiar and new environments
3. Figure ground discrimination and depth perception (distinguishing objects in the foreground from their background)
4. Recognising objects

Question 21

Apraxia refers to:

Answer 21

unable to execute a voluntary act

Question 22

Ideomotor apraxia is a motor _____

Answer 22

motor planning problem

Question 23

Unable to carry out the action successfully when instructed can be referred to as

Answer 23

Ideomotor Apraxia

Question 24

People with Ideomotor Apraxia may have less problems with

Answer 24

Routine/automatic tasks, especially in a familiar environment

Question 25

What are some screening tests for ideomotor apraxia?

Answer 25

Gesture (show me how u would wave goodbye)
Copying the tester)
Performing Task on Demand (i.e. serial task)
Functional Task