Mock ACVECC Exam Questions Flashcards
Which of the following statements regarding urate urolithiaisis in Dalmatian dogs is true?
A. They have a xanthine oxidase deficiency which results in an increase in xanthine and predisposes them to purine stone formation
B. They have a transporter defect in the liver resulting in a lack of uric acid degradation to allantoin, higher urinary excretion of uric acid and predisposition to purine stones formation
C. They have a deficiency of uricase and therefore excrete higher concentrations of urinary uric acid, which predisposes them to purine stone formation
D. They have a proximal tubular defect and cannot resorb the dibasic amino acids which predisposes them to purine stone formation
B
Cyclosporine A modulates the immune response by:
A. Integrating into DNA and preventing cell replication, primarily of lymphocytes.
B. Inhibiting calcineurin, leading to down regulation of cytokine production from T-cells.
C. Binding to the Fc receptors, down regulating proliferation of lymphocytes and subsequent inflammatory responses.
D. Inhibiting mitochondrial DHODH, thus reducing nucleic acid synthesis necessary for T-cell replication.
B
Which one of the following statements about migrating myoelectric complexes (MMC’s) in the GI tract of dogs is correct?
A. MMC’s occur during meal times
B. MMC’s are responsible for the transport of indigestible substances into the colon
C. MMC’s cause reverse peristalsis
D. MMC’s are restricted to the stomach and duodenum
B
The majority of Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron occurs in the:
A. Collecting duct
B. Distal tubule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Proximal tubule
D
Which one of these hormones is not synthesized from cholesterol?
A. Growth hormone
B. Aldosterone
C. Vitamin D3
D. Estrogen
A
Which of the following situations results in a rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin saturation curve to enhance peripheral delivery of oxygen to the tissues?
A. Acidosis generated by increased muscle metabolism
B. Depletion of 2,3 DPG due to decreased RBC metabolism
C. Reduction in body temperature
D. Alveolar hyperventilation
A
A nine year old MC American Bulldog is presented for stumbling and an abnormal gait. Physical exam is unremarkable except for neurologic evaluation. The dog has an ataxic, stumbling gait, is hypermetric in the right thoracic and pelvic limbs, and leans to the right. Proprioceptive positioning is absent in the right thoracic limb and delayed in the right pelvic limb. Spinal reflexes are normal, no abnormalities or pain is appreciated on spinal palpation. Cranial nerves are normal except the corneal reflex is absent OD. What is the neuroanatomical localization of the lesion?
A. Right peripheral vestibular
B. Left cerebrum
C. Right brainstem/cerebellomedullary angle
D. Right cerebrum
C
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. The macula densa is affected by Na+ concentration
B. The macula densa is a specialized group of cells lining the collecting ducts
C. The macula densa stimulates the granular cells to release renin
D. The macula densa affects vasodilation and constriction of the renal afferent artery
B
Leukocytes leave circulation and enter the tissue in response to cytokine stimulation (diapedesis), and then migrate to the source of infection/inflammation. Adherence is mediated by what substance produced by the vascular endothelium:
A. Selectins
B. IL-8
C. Integrins
D. Receptors
C
Elevation of which of the following biomarkers is most consistent with myocarditis in the dog and cat?
A. Cardiac troponin-I
B. C-reactive protein
C. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
D. Atrial natriuretic peptide
A
Which of the following statements most accurately describes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV)?
A. It occurs following embolic obstruction of a pulmonary artery
B. It is triggered by a reduction in alveolar partial pressure of oxygen
C. It is accompanied by reflex bronchoconstriction to preserve ventilation:perfusion matching
D. It is augmented in pneumonia and during use of volatile anesthetic gases
B
Renin release from the juxtaglomerular apparatus occurs in response to:
A. All of the above are correct
B. Low NaCl delivery to the distal tubule
C. Volume depletion
D. B-adrenergic stimulation on the granular cells
A
Elevation of which of the following biomarkers is most useful in differentiating cardiac versus non-cardiac causes of respiratory signs in dogs and cats?
A. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
B. C-reactive protein
C. Cardiac troponin-I
D. Atrial natriuretic peptide
A
Sixty dogs undergo fecal testing for Giardia with a new ELISA kit. 30 dogs are true positive, and 30 dogs are true negative. If the new ELISA kit has a 60% sensitivity and 80% specificity, how many dogs will give a positive result with the new kit?
A. 18
B. 30
C. 42
D. 24
D
Match the cells in the respiratory tract with their function
Type 1 epithelial cell: ____
Type 2 epithelial cell: ___
Endothelial cell: ___
Alveolar macrophage: ____
(answer choices: local immunity, production of surfactant, conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2, primary component of the alveolar capillary surface)
Type 1 epithelial cell: primary component of the alveolar capillary surface
Type 2 epithelial cell: production of surfactant
Endothelial cell: conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2
Alveolar macrophage: local immunity
